Pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine compositions and their use

ABSTRACT

This invention pertains to compounds having the structure:                    
     wherein 
     R 1  and R 2  are each independently a hydrogen atom, substituted alkyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or alkylaryl moiety or together form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring, provided that both R 1  and R 2  are both not hydrogen atoms or that neither R 1  or R 2  is 1-phenylethyl; R 3  is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or alkylaryl moiety; R 4  is a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl moiety; and R 5  and R 6  are each independently a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl moiety, and the use of these compounds to treat a disease associated with increased levels of adenosine in a subject.

This application is a continuation of PCT International Application No.PCT/US99/12135, filed Jun. 1, 1999, designating the United States ofAmerica, which is a continuation-in-part and claims priority of U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/087,702, filed Jun. 2, 1998, U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/123,216, filed Mar. 8, 1999, and U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/126,527, filed Mar. 26, 1999 the contentsof which are hereby incorporated by reference into the presentapplication.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Adenosine is an ubiquitous modulator of numerous physiologicalactivities, particularly within the cardiovascular and nervous systems.The effects of adenosine appear to be mediated by specific cell surfacereceptor proteins. Adenosine modulates diverse physiological functionsincluding induction of sedation, vasodilation, suppression of cardiacrate and contractility, inhibition of platelet aggregability,stimulation of gluconeogenesis and inhibition of lipolysis. In additionto its effects on adenylate cyclase, adenosine has been shown to openpotassium channels, reduce flux through calcium channels, and inhibit orstimulate phosphoinositide turnover through receptor-mediated mechanisms(See for example, C. E. Muller and B. Stein “Adenosine ReceptorAntagonists: Structures and Potential Therapeutic Applications,” CurrentPharmaceutical Design, 2:501 (1996) and C. E. Muller “A₁-AdenosineReceptor Antagonists,” Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents 7(5):419 (1997)).

Adenosine receptors belong to the superfamily of purine receptors whichare currently subdivided into P₁ (adenosine) and P₂ (ATP, ADP, and othernucleotides) receptors. Four receptor subtypes for the nucleosideadenosine have been cloned so far from various species including humans.Two receptor subtypes (A₁ and A_(2a)) exhibit affinity for adenosine inthe nanomolar range while two other known subtypes A_(2b) and A₃ arelow-affinity receptors, with affinity for adenosine in thelow-micromolar range. A₁ and A₃ adenosine receptor activation can leadto an inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity, while A_(2a) and A_(2b)activation causes a stimulation of adenylate cyclase.

A few A₁ antagonists have been developed for the treatment of cognitivedisease, renal failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. It has been suggestedthat A_(2a) antagonists may be beneficial for patients suffering fromMorbus Parkinson (Parkinson's disease). Particularly in view of thepotential for local delivery, adenosine receptor antagonists may bevaluable for treatment of allergic inflammation and asthma. Availableinformation (for example, Nyce & Metzger “DNA antisense Therapy forAsthma in an Animal Model” Nature (1997) 385: 721-5) indicates that inthis pathophysiologic context, A₁ antagonists may block contraction ofsmooth muscle underlying respiratory epithelia, while A_(2b) or A₃receptor antagonists may block mast cell degranulation, mitigating therelease of histamine and other inflammatory mediators. A_(2b) receptorshave been discovered throughout the gastrointestinal tract, especiallyin the colon and the intestinal epithelia. It has been suggested thatA_(2b) receptors mediate cAMP response (Strohmeier et al., J. Bio. Chem.(1995) 270:2387-94).

Adenosine receptors have also been shown to exist on the retinas ofvarious mammalian species including bovine, porcine, monkey, rat, guineapig, mouse, rabbit and human (See, Blazynski et al., DiscreteDistributions of Adenosine Receptors in Mammalian Retina, Journal ofNeurochemistry, volume 54, pages 648-655 (1990); Woods et al.,Characterization of Adenosine A ₁-Receptor Binding Sites in BovineRetinal Membranes, Experimental Eye Research, volume 53, pages 325-331(1991); and Braas et al., Endogenous adenosine and adenosine receptorslocalized to ganglion cells of the retina, Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Science, volume 84, pages 3906-3910 (1987)). Recently,Williams reported the observation of adenosine transport sites in acultured human retinal cell line (Williams et al., Nucleoside TransportSites in a Cultured Human Retinal Cell Line Established By SV-40 TAntigen Gene, Current Eye Research, volume 13, pages 109-118 (1994)).

Compounds which regulate the uptake of adenosine uptake have previouslybeen suggested as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment ofretinal and optic nerve head damage. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,780,450 toShade, Shade discusses the use of adenosine uptake inhibitors fortreating eye disorders. Shade does not disclose the use of specific A₃receptor inhibitors. The entire contents of U.S. Pat. No. 5,780,450 arehereby incorporated herein by reference.

Additional adenosine receptor antagonists are needed as pharmacologicaltools and are of considerable interest as drugs for the above-referenceddisease states and/or conditions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is based, at least in part, on the discovery thatcertain N-6 substituted 7-deazapurines, described infra, can be used totreat a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine responsive state. Examples of suchstates include those in which the activity of the adenosine receptors isincreased, e.g., bronchitis, gastrointestinal disorders, or asthma.These states can be characterized in that adenosine receptor activationcan lead to the inhibition or stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity.Compositions and methods of the invention include enantiomerically ordiastereomerically pure N-6 substituted 7-deazapurines. Preferred N-6substituted 7-deazapurines include those which have an acetamide,carboxamide, substituted cyclohexyl, .e.g., cyclohexanol, or a ureamoiety attached to the N-6 nitrogen through an alkylene chain.

The present invention pertains to methods for modulating an adenosinereceptor(s) in a mammal by administering to the mammal a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine, such thatmodulation of the adenosine receptor's activity occurs. Suitableadenosine receptors include the families of A₁, A₂, or A₃. In apreferred embodiment, the N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine is a adenosinereceptor antagonist.

The invention further pertains to methods for treating N-6 substituted7-deazapurine disorders, e.g., asthma, bronchitis, allergic rhinitis,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal disorders, gastrointestinaldisorders, and eye disorders, in a mammal by administering to the mammala therapeutically effective amount of a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine,such that treatment of the disorder in the mammal occurs. Suitable N-6substituted 7 deazapurines include those illustrated by the generalformula I:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. R₁ and R₂ are eachindependently a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl,aryl, or alkylaryl moiety or together form a substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic ring. R₃ is a substituted or unsubstitutedalkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl moiety. R₄ is a hydrogen atom or a substitutedor unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl moiety. R₅ and R₆ are eachindependently a halogen atom, e.g., chlorine, fluorine, or bromine, ahydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, oralkylaryl moiety or R₄ and R₅ or R₅ and R₆ together form a substitutedor unsubstituted heterocyclic or carbocyclic ring.

In certain embodiments, R₁ and R₂ can each independently be asubstituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or heteroarylalkyl moieties. Inother embodiments, R₃ is a hydrogen atom or a substituted orunsubstituted heteroaryl moiety. In still other embodiments, R₄, R₅ andR₆ can each be independently a heteroaryl moieties. In a preferredembodiment, R₁ is a hydrogen atom, R₂ is a cyclohexanol, e.g.,trans-cyclohexanol, R₃ is phenyl, R₄ is a hydrogen atom, R₅ is a methylgroup and R₆ is a methyl group. In still another embodiment, R₁ is ahydrogen atom, R₂ is

R₃ is phenyl, R₄ is a hydrogen atom and R₅ and R₆ are methyl groups.

The invention further pertains to pharmaceutical compositions fortreating a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine responsive state in a mammal,e.g., asthma, bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructivepulmonary disease, renal disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, and eyedisorders. The pharmaceutical composition includes a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine and apharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The present invention also pertains to packaged pharmaceuticalcompositions for treating a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine responsivestate in a mammal. The packaged pharmaceutical composition includes acontainer holding a therapeutically effective amount of at least one N-6substituted 7-deazapurine and instructions for using the N-6 substituted7-deazapurine for treating a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine responsivestate in a mammal.

The invention further pertains to compounds of formula I wherein:

R₁ is hydrogen;

R₂ is substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted alkyl, or R₁ and R₂ together form a substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic ring;

R₃ is unsubstituted or substituted aryl;

R₄ is hydrogen; and

R₅ and R₆ are each independently hydrogen or alkyl, and pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts thereof. The deazapurines of this embodiment mayadvantageously be selective A₃ receptor antagonists. These compounds maybe useful for numerous therapeutic uses such as, for example, thetreatment of asthma, kidney failure associated with heart failure, andglaucoma. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the deazapurine is awater soluble prodrug that is capable of being metabolized in vivo to anactive drug by, for example, esterase catalyzed hydrolysis.

In yet another embodiment, the invention features a method forinhibiting the activity of an adenosine receptor (e.g., A₃) in a cell,by contacting the cell with N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine (e.g.,preferably, an adenosine receptor antagonist).

In another aspect, the invention features a method for treating damageto the eye of an animal (e.g., a human) by administering to the animalan effective amount of an N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine of formula I.Preferably, the N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine is an antagonist of A₃adenosine receptors in cells of the animal. The damage is to the retinaor the optic nerve head and may be acute or chronic. The damage may bethe result of, for example, glaucoma, edema, ischemia, hypoxia ortrauma.

The invention also features a pharmaceutical composition comprising aN-6 substituted 7-deazapurine of formula I. Preferably, thepharmaceutical preparation is an ophthalmic formulation (e.g., anperiocular, retrobulbar or intraocular injection formulation, a systemicformulation, or a surgical irrigating solution).

In yet another embodiment, the invention features a deazapurine havingthe formula II:

wherein

X is N or CR₆;

R₁ and R₂ are each independently hydrogen, or substituted orunsubstituted alkoxy, aminoalkyl, alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl, or togetherform a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring, provided thatboth R₁ and R₂ are both not hydrogen;

R₃ is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, arylalkyl, or aryl;

R₄ is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl;

L is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or R₄ and L togetherform a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic or carbocyclic ring;

R₆ is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or halogen;

Q is CH₂, O, S, or NR₇, wherein R₇ is hydrogen or substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl; and

W is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl,biaryl, heteroaryl, substituted carbonyl, substituted thiocarbonyl, orsubstituted sulfonyl;

provided that if R₃ is pyrrolidino, then R₄ is not methyl. The inventionalso pertains to pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs of thecompounds of the invention.

In an advantageous embodiment, X is CR₆ and Q is CH₂, O, S, or NH informula II, wherein R₆ is as defined above.

In another embodiment of formula II, X is N.

The invention further pertains to a method for inhibiting the activityof an adenosine receptor (e.g., an A_(2b) adenosine receptor) in a cellby contacting the cell with a compound of the invention. Preferably, thecompound is an antagonist of the receptor.

The invention also pertains to a method for treating a gastrointestinaldisorder (e.g., diarrhea) or a respiratory disorder (e.g., allergicrhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) in an animal byadministering to an animal an effective amount of a compound of formulaII (e.g., an antagonist of A_(2b)). Preferably, the animal is a human.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The features and other details of the invention will now be moreparticularly described and pointed out in the claims. It will beunderstood that the particular embodiments of the invention are shown byway of illustration and not as limitations of the invention. Theprinciple features of this invention can be employed in variousembodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.

The present invention pertains to methods for treating a N-6 substituted7-deazapurine responsive state in a mammal. The methods includeadministration of a therapeutically effective amount of a N-6substituted 7-deazapurine, described infra, to the mammal, such thattreatment of the N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine responsive state in themammal occurs.

The language “N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine responsive state” isintended to include a disease state or condition characterized by itsresponsiveness to treatment with a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine of theinvention as described infra, e.g., the treatment includes a significantdiminishment of at least one symptom or effect of the state achievedwith a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine of the invention. Typically suchstates are associated with an increase of adenosine within a host suchthat the host often experiences physiological symptoms which include,but are not limited to, release of toxins, inflammation, coma, waterretention, weight gain or weight loss, pancreatitis, emphysema,rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, multiple organ failure, infant andadult respiratory distress syndrome, allergic rhinitis, chronicobstructive pulmonary disease, eye disorders, gastrointestinaldisorders, skin tumor promotion, immunodeficiency and asthma. (See forexample, C. E. Muller and B. Stein “Adenosine Receptor Antagonists:Structures and Potential Therapeutic Applications,” CurrentPharmaceutical Design, 2:501(1996) and C. E. Muller “A₁-AdenosineReceptor Antagonists,” Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents 7(5):419 (1997) and I.Feoktistove, R. Polosa, S. T. Holgate and I. Biaggioni “Adenosine A_(2B)receptors: a novel therapeutic target in asthma?” TiPS 19; 148 (1998)).The effects often associated with such symptoms include, but are notlimited to, fever, shortness of breath, nausea, diarrhea, weakness,headache, and even death. In one embodiment, a N-6 substituted7-deazapurine responsive state includes those disease states which aremediated by stimulation of adenosine receptors, e.g., A₁, A_(2a),A_(2b), A₃, etc., such that calcium concentrations in cells and/oractivation of PLC (phospholipase C) is modulated. In a preferredembodiment, a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine responsive state isassociated with adenosine receptor(s), e.g., the N-6 substituted7-deazapurine acts as an antagonist. Examples of suitable responsivestates which can be treated by the compounds of the invention, e.g.,adenosine receptor subtypes which mediate biological effects, includecentral nervous system (CNS) effects, cardiovascular effects, renaleffects, respiratory effects, immunological effects, gastro-intestinaleffects and metabolic effects. The relative amount of adenosine in asubject can be associated with the effects listed below; that isincreased levels of adenosine can trigger an effect, e.g., an undesiredphysiological response, e.g., an asthmatic attack.

CNS effects include decreased transmitter release (A₁), sedation (A₁),decreased locomotor activity (A_(2a)), anticonvulsant activity,chemoreceptor stimulation (A₂) and hyperalgesia. Therapeuticapplications of the inventive compounds include treatment of dementia,Alzheimer's disease and memory enhancement.

Cardiovascular effects include vasodilation (A_(2a)), (A_(2b)) and (A₃),vasoconstriction (A₁), bradycardia (A₁), platelet inhibition (A_(2a)),negative cardiac inotropy and dromotropy (A₁), arrhythmia, tachycardiaand angiogenesis. Therapeutic applications of the inventive compoundsinclude, for example, prevention of ischaemia-induced impairment of theheart and cardiotonics, myocardial tissue protection and restoration ofcardiac function.

Renal effects include decreased GFR (A₁), mesangial cell contraction(A₁), antidiuresis (A₁) and inhibition of renin release (A₁). Suitabletherapeutic applications of the inventive compounds include use of theinventive compounds as diuretic, natriuretic, potassium-sparing,kidney-protective/prevention of acute renal failure, antihypertensive,anti-oedematous and anti-nephritic agents.

Respiratory effects include bronchodilation (A₂), bronchoconstriction(A₁), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, allergic rhinitis, mucussecretion and respiratory depression (A₂). Suitable therapeuticapplications for the compounds of the invention include anti-asthmaticapplications, treatment of lung disease after transplantation andrespiratory disorders.

Immunological effects include immunosuppression (A₂), neutrophilchemotaxis (A₁), neutrophil superoxide generation (A_(2a)) and mast celldegranulation (A_(2b) and A₃) Therapeutic applications of antagonistsinclude allergic and non allergic inflammation, e.g., release ofhistamine and other inflammatory mediators.

Gastrointestinal effects include inhibition of acid secretion (A₁)Therapeutic application may include reflux and ulcerative conditionsGastrointestinal effects also include colonic, intestinal and diarrhealdisease, e.g., diarrheal disease associated with intestinal inflammation(A_(2b)).

Eye disorders include retinal and optic nerve head injury and traumarelated disorders (A₃). In a preferred embodiment, the eye disorder isglaucoma.

Other therapeutic applications of the compounds of the invention includetreatment of obesity (lipolytic properties), hypertension, treatment ofdepression, sedative, anxiolytic, as antileptics and as laxatives, e.g.,effecting motility without causing diarrhea.

The term “disease state” is intended to include those conditions causedby or associated with unwanted levels of adenosine, adenylyl cyclaseactivity, increased physiological activity associated with aberrantstimulation of adenosine receptors and/or an increase in cAMP. In oneembodiment, the disease state is, for example, asthma, chronicobstructive pulmonary disease, allergic rhinitis, bronchitis, renaldisorders, gastrointestinal disorders, or eye disorders. Additionalexamples include chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis. Suitableexamples of inflammatory diseases include non-lymphocytic leukemia,myocardial ischaemia, angina, infarction, cerebrovascular ischaemia,intermittent claudication, critical limb ischemia, venous hypertension,varicose veins, venous ulceration and arteriosclerosis. Impairedreperfusion states include, for example, any post-surgical trauma, suchas reconstructive surgery, thrombolysis or angioplasty.

The language “treatment of a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine responsivestate” or “treating a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine responsive state” isintended to include changes in a disease state or condition, asdescribed above, such that physiological symptoms in a mammal can besignificantly diminished or minimized. The language also includescontrol, prevention or inhibition of physiological symptoms or effectsassociated with an aberrant amount of adenosine. In one preferredembodiment, the control of the disease state or condition is such thatthe disease state or condition is eradicated. In another preferredembodiment, the control is selective such that aberrant levels ofadenosine receptor activity are controlled while other physiologicsystems and parameters are unaffected.

The term “N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine” is art recognized and isintended to include those compounds having the formula I:

“N-substituted 7-deazapurine” includes pharmaceutically acceptable saltsthereof, and, in one embodiment, also includes certain N-6 substitutedpurines described herein.

In certain embodiments, the N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine is not N-6benzyl or N-6 phenylethyl substituted. In other embodiments, R₄ is notbenzyl or phenylethyl substituted. In preferred embodiments, R₁ and R₂are both not hydrogen atoms. In still other preferred embodiments, R₃ isnot a hydrogen atom.

The language “therapeutically effective amount” of an N-6 substituted7-deazapurine, described infra, is that amount of a therapeutic compoundnecessary or sufficient to perform its intended function within amammal, e.g., treat a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine responsive state, ora disease state in a mammal. An effective amount of the therapeuticcompound can vary according to factors such as the amount of thecausative agent already present in the mammal, the age, sex, and weightof the mammal, and the ability of the therapeutic compounds of thepresent invention to affect a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine responsivestate in the mammal. One of ordinary skill in the art would be able tostudy the aforementioned factors and make a determination regarding theeffective amount of the therapeutic compound without undueexperimentation. An in vitro or in vivo assay also can be used todetermine an “effective amount” of the therapeutic compounds describedinfra. The ordinarily skilled artisan would select an appropriate amountof the therapeutic compound for use in the aforementioned assay or as atherapeutic treatment.

A therapeutically effective amount preferably diminishes at least onesymptom or effect associated with the N-6 substituted 7-deazapurineresponsive state or condition being treated by at least about 20%, (morepreferably by at least about 40%, even more preferably by at least about60%, and still more preferably by at least about 80%) relative tountreated subjects. Assays can be designed by one skilled in the art tomeasure the diminishment of such symptoms and/or effects. Any artrecognized assay capable of measuring such parameters are intended to beincluded as part of this invention. For example, if asthma is the statebeing treated, then the volume of air expended from the lungs of asubject can be measured before and after treatment for measurement ofincrease in the volume using an art recognized technique. Likewise, ifinflammation is the state being treated, then the area which is inflamedcan be measured before and after treatment for measurement ofdiminishment in the area inflamed using an art recognized technique.

The term “cell” includes both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The term “animal” includes any organism with adenosine receptors or anyorganism susceptible to a N-6-substituted 7-deazapurine responsivestate. Examples of animals include yeast, mammals, reptiles, and birds.It also includes transgenic animals.

The term “mammal” is art recognized and is intended to include ananimal, more preferably a warm-blooded animal, most preferably cattle,sheep, pigs, horses, dogs, cats, rats, mice, and humans. Mammalssusceptible to a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine responsive state,inflammation, emphysema, asthma, central nervous system conditions, oracute respiratory distress syndrome, for example, are included as partof this invention.

In another aspect, the present invention pertains to methods formodulating an adenosine receptor(s) in a mammal by administering to themammal a therapeutically effective amount of a N-6 substituted7-deazapurine, such that modulation of the adenosine receptor in themammal occurs. Suitable adenosine receptors include the families of A₁,A₂, or A₃. In a preferred embodiment, the N-6 substituted 7-deazapurineis an adenosine receptor antagonist.

The language “modulating an adenosine receptor” is intended to includethose instances where a compound interacts with an adenosinereceptor(s), causing increased, decreased or abnormal physiologicalactivity associated with an adenosine receptor or subsequent cascadeeffects resulting from the modulation of the adenosine receptor.Physiological activities associated with adenosine receptors includeinduction of sedation, vasodilation, suppression of cardiac rate andcontractility, inhibition of platelet aggregbility, stimulation ofgluconeogenesis, inhibition of lipolysis, opening of potassium channels,reducing flux of calcium channels, etc.

The terms “modulate”, “modulating” and “modulation” are intended toinclude preventing, eradicating, or inhibiting the resulting increase ofundesired physiological activity associated with abnormal stimulation ofan adenosine receptor, e.g., in the context of the therapeutic methodsof the invention. In another embodiment, the term modulate includesantagonistic effects, e.g., diminishment of the activity or productionof mediators of allergy and allergic inflammation which results from theoverstimulation of adenosine receptor(s). For example, the therapeuticdeazapurines of the invention can interact with an adenosine receptor toinhibit, for example, adenylate cyclase activity.

The language “condition characterized by aberrant adenosine receptoractivity” is intended to include those diseases, disorders or conditionswhich are associated with aberrant stimulation of an adenosine receptor,in that the stimulation of the receptor causes a biochemical and orphysiological chain of events that is directly or indirectly associatedwith the disease, disorder or condition. This stimulation of anadenosine receptor does not have to be the sole causative agent of thedisease, disorder or condition but merely be responsible for causingsome of the symptoms typically associated with the disease, disorder, orcondition being treated. The aberrant stimulation of the receptor can bethe sole factor or at least one other agent can be involved in the statebeing treated. Examples of conditions include those disease stateslisted supra, including inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders andthose symptoms manifested by the presence of increased adenosinereceptor activity. Preferred examples include those symptoms associatedwith asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,emphysema, bronchitis, gastrointestinal disorders and glaucoma.

The language “treating or treatment of a condition characterized byaberrant adenosine receptor activity” is intended to include thealleviation of or diminishment of at least one symptom typicallyassociated with the condition. The treatment also includes alleviationor diminishment of more than one symptom. Preferably, the treatmentcures, e.g., substantially eliminates, the symptoms associated with thecondition.

The present invention pertains to compounds, N-6 substituted7-deazapurines, having the formula I:

wherein

R₁ and R₂ are each independently a hydrogen atom or a substituted orunsubstituted alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl moiety or together form asubstituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring;

R₃ is a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, oralkylaryl moiety;

R₄ is a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, oralkylaryl moiety. R₅ and R₆ are each independently a halogen atom, e.g.,chlorine, fluorine, or bromine, a hydrogen atom or a substituted orunsubstituted alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl moiety or R₄ and R₅ or R₅ and R₆together form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic or carbocyclicring. Also included, are pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the N-6substituted 7-deazapurines.

In certain embodiments, R₁ and R₂ can each independently be asubstituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or heteroarylalkyl moieties. Inother embodiments. R₃ is a hydrogen atom or a substituted orunsubstituted heteroaryl moiety. In still other embodiments, R₄, R₅ andR₆ can each be independently a heteroaryl moiety.

In one embodiment, R₁ is a hydrogen atom, R₂ is a substituted orunsubstituted cyclohexane, cyclopentyl, cyclobutyl or cyclopropanemoiety, R₃ is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl moiety, R₄ is ahydrogen atom and R₅ and R₆ are both methyl groups.

In another embodiment, R₂ is a cyclohexanol, a cyclohexanediol, acyclohexylsulfonamide, a cyclohexanamide, a cyclohexylester, acyclohexene, a cyclopentanol or a cyclopentanediol and R₃ is a phenylmoiety.

In still another embodiment, R₁ is a hydrogen atom, R₂ is acyclohexanol, R₃ is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, pyridine,furan, cyclopentane, or thiophene moiety, R₄ is a hydrogen atom, asubstituted alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl moiety, and R₅ and R₆ are eachindependently a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl,aryl, or alkylaryl moiety.

In yet another embodiment, R₁ is a hydrogen atom, R₂ is substituted orunsubstituted alkylamine, arylamine, or alkylarylamine, a substituted orunsubstituted alkylamide, arylamide or alkylarylamide, a substituted orunsubstituted alkylsulfonamide, arylsulfonamide or alkylarylsulfonamide,a substituted or unsubstituted alkylurea, arylurea or alkylarylurea, asubstituted or unsubstituted alkylcarbamate, arylcarbamate oralkylarylcarbamate, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylcarboxylic acid,arylcarboxylic acid or alkylarylcarboxylic acid, R₃ is a substituted orunsubstituted phenyl moiety, R₄ is a hydrogen atom and R₅ and R₆ aremethyl groups.

In still another embodiment, R₂ is guanidine, a modified guanidine,cyanoguanidine, a thiourea, a thioamide or an amidine.

In one embodiment, R₂ can be

wherein R_(2a)-R_(2c) are each independently a hydrogen atom or asaturated or unsaturated alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl moiety and R_(2d) is ahydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated alkyl, aryl, or alkylarylmoiety, NR_(2e)R_(2f), or OR_(2g), wherein R_(2e)-R_(2g) are eachindependently a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated alkyl, arylor alkylaryl moieties. Alternatively, R_(2a) and R_(2b) together canform a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having a ring size between about3 and 8 members, e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl groups.

In one aspect of the invention, both R₅ and R₆ are not methyl groups,preferably, one of R₅ and R₆ is an alkyl group, e.g., a methyl group,and the other is a hydrogen atom.

In another aspect of the invention, when R₄ is 1-phenylethyl and R₁ is ahydrogen atom, then R₃ is not phenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl,4-chlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl or 4-methoxyphenylor when R₄ and R₁ are 1-phenylethyl, then R₃ is not a hydrogen atom orwhen R₄ is a hydrogen atom and R₃ is a phenyl, then R₁ is notphenylethyl.

In another aspect of the invention, when R₅ and R₆ together form acarbocyclic ring, e.g.,

pyrimido[4,5-6]indole, then R₃ is not phenyl when R₄ is1-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl, phenylisopropyl, phenyl or 1-phenylethyl orwhen R₃ is not a hydrogen atom when R₄ is 1-phenylethyl. The carbocyclicring formed by R₅ and R₆ can be either aromatic or aliphatic and canhave between 4 and 12 carbon atoms, e.g., naphthyl, phenylcyclohexyl,etc., preferably between 5 and 7 carbon atoms, e.g., cyclopentyl orcyclohexyl. Alternatively, R₅ and R₆ together can form a heterocyclicring, such as those disclosed below. Typical heterocyclic rings includebetween 4 and 12 carbon atoms, preferably between 5 and 7 carbon atoms,and can be either aromatic or aliphatic. The heterocyclic ring can befurther substituted, including substitution of one or more carbon atomsof the ring structure with one or more heteroatoms.

In still another aspect of the invention, R₁ and R₂ form a heterocyclicring. Representative examples include, but are not limited to, thoseheterocyclic rings listed below, such as morpholino, piperazine and thelike, e.g., 4-hydroxypiperidines, 4-aminopiperidines. Where R₁ and R₂together form a piperazino group,

R₇ can be a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, arylor alkylaryl moiety.

In yet another aspect of the invention R₄ and R₅ together can form aheterocyclic ring, e.g.,

The heterocyclic ring can be either aromatic or aliphatic and can form aring having between 4 and 12 carbon atoms, e.g., naphthyl,phenylcyclohexyl, etc. and can be either aromatic or aliphatic, e.g.,cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl. The heterocyclic ring can be furthersubstituted, including substitution of carbon atoms of the ringstructure with one or more heteroatoms. Alternatively, R₄ and R₅together can form a heterocyclic ring, such as those disclosed below.

In certain embodiments, the N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine is not N-6benzyl or N-6 phenylethyl substituted. In other embodiments, R₄ is notbenzyl or phenylethyl substituted. In preferred embodiments, R₁ and R₂are both not hydrogen atoms. In still other preferred embodiments, R₃ isnot a hydrogen atom.

The compounds of the invention may comprise water-soluble prodrugs whichare metabolized in vivo to an active drug, e.g., by esterase catalyzedhydrolysis. Examples of potential prodrugs include deazapurines with,for example, R₂ as cycloalkyl substituted with —OC(O)(Z)NH₂, wherein Zis a side chain of a naturally or unnaturally occurring amino acid, oranalog thereof, an α, β, γ, or ω amino acids, or a dipeptide. Preferredamino acid side chains include those of glycine, alanine, valine,leucine, isoleucine, lysine, α-methylalanine, aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, β-alanine, γ-aminobutyricacid, alanine-alanine, or glycine-alanine.

In a further embodiment, the invention features deazapurines of theformula (I), wherein:

R₁ is hydrogen;

R₂ is substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted alkyl, or R₁ and R₂ together form a substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic ring;

R₃ is unsubstituted or substituted aryl;

R₄ is hydrogen; and

R₅ and R₆ are each independently hydrogen or alkyl,

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The deazapurines of thisembodiment may potentially be selective A₃ receptor antagonists.

In one embodiment, R₂ is substituted (e.g., hydroxy substituted) orunsubstituted cycloalkyl. In an advantageous subembodiment, R₁ and R₄are hydrogen, R₃ is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, and R₅ and R₆are each alkyl. Preferably R₂ is mono-hydroxycyclopentyl ormono-hydroxycyclohexyl. R₂ also may be substituted with —NH—C(═O)E,wherein E is substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₄ alkyl (e.g., alkylamine,e.g., ethylamine.).

R₁ and R₂ may also together form a substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclic ring, which may be substituted with an amine or acetamidogroup.

In another aspect, R₂ may be —A—NHC(═O)B, wherein A is unsubstitutedC₁-C₄ alkyl (e.g., ethyl, propyl, butyl), and B is substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₄ alkyl (e.g., methyl, aminoalkyl, e.g., aminomethylor aminoethyl, alkylamino, e.g., methylamino, ethylamino), preferablywhen R₁ and R₄ are hydrogen, R₃ is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl,and R₅ and R₆ are each alkyl. B may be substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkyl, e.g., cyclopropyl or 1-amino-cyclopropyl.

In another embodiment, R₃ may be substituted or unsubstituted phenyl,preferably when R₅ and R₆ are each alkyl. Preferably, R₃ may have one ormore substituents (e.g., o-, m- or p-chlorophenyl, o-, m- orp-fluorophenyl).

Advantageously, R₃ may be substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,preferably when R₅ and R₆ are each alkyl. Examples of heteroaryl groupsinclude pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolyl, triazolyl,thioazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, furanyl, methylenedioxyphenyl andthiophenyl. Preferably, R₃ is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl,2-pyrimidyl or 3-pyrimidyl.

Preferably in one embodiment, R₅ and R₆ are each hydrogen. In another,R₅ and R₆ are each methyl.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the deazapurines of theinvention are water-soluble prodrugs that can be metabolized in vivo toan active drug, e.g. by esterase catalyzed hydrolysis. Preferably theprodrug comprises an R₂ group which is cycloalkyl substituted with—OC(O)(Z)NH₂, wherein Z is a side chain of a naturally or unnaturallyoccurring amino acid, an analog thereof, α, β, γ, or ωamino acid, or adipeptide. Examples of preferred side chains include the side chains ofglycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, a-methylalanine,aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid, azetidine-2-carboxylic acid,β-alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid, alanine-alanine, or glycine-alanine.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, Z is a side chain of glycine, R₂is cyclohexyl, R₃ is phenyl, and R₅ and R₆ are methyl.

In another embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(cis-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

In another embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(cis-3-(2-aminoacetoxy)cyclopentyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidinetrifluoroacetic acid salt.

In another embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(3-acetamido)piperidinyl-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

In another embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(2-N′-methylureapropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

In another embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(2-acetamidobutyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

In another embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(2-N′-methylureabutyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

In another embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(2-aminocyclopropylacetamidoethyl)amino-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

In another embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

In another embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

In another embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-2-(4-pyridyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

In yet another embodiment, the invention features a method forinhibiting the activity of an adenosine receptor (e.g., A₁, A_(2A),A_(2B), or, preferably, A₃) in a cell, by contacting the cell with N-6substituted 7-deazapurine (e.g., preferably, an adenosine receptorantagonist).

In another aspect, the invention features a method for treating damageto the eye of an animal (e.g., a human) by administering to the animalan effective amount of an N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine. Preferably, theN-6 substituted 7-deazapurine is an antagonist of A₃ adenosine receptorsin cells of the animal. The damage is to the retina or the optic nervehead and may be acute or chronic. The damage may be the result of, forexample, glaucoma, edema, ischemia, hypoxia or trauma

In a preferred embodiment, the invention features a deazapurine havingthe formula II, supra, wherein

X is N or CR₆;

R₁ and R₂ are each independently hydrogen, or substituted orunsubstituted alkoxy, aminoalkyl, alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl, or togetherform a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring, provided thatboth R₁ and R₂ are both not hydrogen;

R₃ is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, arylalkyl, or aryl;

R₄ is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl;

L is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or R₄ and L togetherform a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic or carbocyclic ring;

R₆ is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or halogen;

Q is CH₂, O, S, or NR₇, wherein R₇ is hydrogen or substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl; and

W is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aryl,arylalkyl, biaryl, heteroaryl, substituted carbonyl, substitutedthiocarbonyl, or substituted sulfonyl, provided that if R₃ ispyrrolidino, then R₄ is not methyl.

In one embodiment, in compounds of formula II, X is CR₆ and Q is CH₂, O,S, or NH. In another embodiment, X is N.

In a further embodiment of compounds of formula II, W is substituted orunsubstituted aryl, 5- or 6-member heteroaryl, or biaryl. W may besubstituted with one or more substituents. Examples of substituentsinclude: halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarboxyamide,CN, CF₃, CO₂R₈, CONHR₈, CONR₈R₉, SOR₈, SO₂R₈, and SO₂NR₈R₉, wherein R₈and R₉ are each independently hydrogen, or substituted or unsubstitutedalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl. Preferably, W may be substitutedor unsubstituted phenyl, e.g., methylenedioxyphenyl. W also may be asubstituted or unsubstituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring, e.g., pyrrole,pyrazole, oxazole, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, furan, thiophene,thiazole, and oxadiazole. Preferably, W may be a 6-member heteroarylring, e.g., pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinal, and thiophenyl.In a preferred embodiment, W is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl,2-pyrimidyl, 4-pyrimidyl, or 5-pyrimidyl.

In one advantageous embodiment of compounds of formula II, Q is NH and Wis a 3-pyrazolo ring which is unsubstituted or N-substituted bysubstituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl.

In another embodiment of compounds of formula II, Q is oxygen, and W isa 2-thiazolo ring which is unsubstituted or substituted by substitutedor unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl.

In another embodiment of compounds of formula II, W is substituted orunsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl e.g., cyclopentyl, or arylalkyl.Examples of substituents include halogen, hydroxy, substituted orunsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or NHR₁₀, wherein R₁₀is hydrogen, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, orarylalkyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention features a deazapurine offormula II wherein W is —(CH₂)_(a)—C(═O)Y or —(CH₂)_(a)—C(═S)Y, and a isan integer from 0 to 3, Y is aryl, alkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl,heteroaryl, alkynyl, NHR₁₁R₁₂, or, provided that Q is NH, OR₁₃, whereinR₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently hydrogen, or unsubstituted orsubstituted alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or cycloalkyl. Preferably, Y is a 5-or 6-member heteroaryl ring.

Furthermore, W may be —(CH₂)_(b)—S(═O)_(j)Y, wherein j is 1 or 2, b is0, 1, 2, or 3, Y is aryl, alkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl,heteroaryl, NHR₁₄R₁₅, provided that when b is 1, Q is CH₂, and whereinR₁₄, R₁₅, and R₁₆ are each independently hydrogen, or unsubstituted orsubstituted alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or cycloalkyl.

In another embodiment, R₃ is selected from the group consisting ofsubstituted and unsubstituted phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl,pyrazinal, pyrrolyl, triazolyl, thioazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl,pyrazolyl, furanyl, methylenedioxyphenyl, and thiophenyl. When R₃ isphenyl, it may be substituted with, for example, hydroxyl, alkoxy (e.g.,methoxy), alkyl (e.g., tolyl), and halogen,(e.g., o-, m-, orp-fluorophenyl or o-, m-, or p-chlorophenyl). Advantageously, R₃ may be2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl or 2- or 3-pyrimidyl.

The invention also pertains to a deazapurine wherein R₆ is hydrogen orC₁-C₃ alkyl. Preferably, R₆ is hydrogen.

The invention also includes deazapurines wherein R₁ is hydrogen, and R₂is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy, substituted orunsubstituted alkylamine, arylamine, or alkylarylamine, substituted orunsubstituted aminoalkyl, amino aryl, or aminoalkylaryl, substituted orunsubstituted alkylamide, arylanide or alkylarylamide, substituted orunsubstituted alkylsulfonamide, arylsulfonamide or alkylarylsulfonamide,substituted or unsubstituted alkylurea, arylurea or alkylarylurea,substituted or unsubstituted alkylcarbamate, arylcarbamate oralkylarylcarbamate, or substituted or unsubstituted alkylcarboxylicacid, arylcarboxylic acid or alkylarylcarboxylic acid. Preferably, R₂ issubstituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, e.g., mono- ordihydroxy-substituted cyclohexyl or cyclopentyl (preferably,monohydroxy-substituted cyclohexyl or monohydroxy-substitutedcyclopentyl).

Advantageously, R₂ may be of the following formula:

wherein A is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a chain of one to sevenatoms, or a ring of three to seven atoms, optionally substituted withC₁-C₆ alkyl, halogens, hydroxyl, carboxyl, thiol, or amino groups;

B is methyl, N(Me)₂, N(Et)₂, NHMe, NHEt, (CH₂)_(r)NH₃+, NH(CH₂)_(r)CH₃,(CH₂)_(r)NH₂, (CH₂)_(r)CHCH₃NH₂, (CH₂)_(r)NHMe, (CH₂)_(r)OH, CH₂CN,(CH₂)_(m)CO₂H, CHR₁₈R₁₉, or CHMeOH, wherein r is an integer from 0 to 2,m is 1 or 2, R₁₈ is alkyl, R₁₉ is NH₃+ or CO₂H or R₁₈ and R₁₉ togetherare:

 wherein p is 2 or 3; and

R₁₇ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a chain of one to seven atoms, ora ring of three to seven atoms, optionally substituted with C₁-C₆ alkyl,halogens, hydroxyl, carboxyl, thiol, or amino groups.

Advantageously, A is unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl. B may beunsubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl.

In a preferred embodiment, R₂ is of the formula —A—NHC(═O)B. In aparticularly advantageous embodiment, A is —CH₂CH₂— and B is methyl.

The compounds of the invention may comprise water-soluble prodrugs whichare metabolized in vivo to an active drug, e.g., by esterase catalyzedhydrolysis. Examples of potential prodrugs include deazapurines with,for example, R₂ as cycloalkyl substituted with —OC(O)(Z)NH₂, wherein Zis a side chain of a naturally or unnaturally occurring amino acid, oranalog thereof, an α, β, γ, or ω amino acid, or a dipeptide. Preferredamino acid side chains include those of glycine, alanine, valine,leucine, isoleucine, lysine, α-methylalanine, aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, β-alanine, γ-aminobutyricacid, alanine-alanine, or glycine-alanine.

In another embodiment, R₁ and R₂ together are:

wherein n is 1 or 2, and wherein the ring may be optionally substitutedwith one or more hydroxyl, amino, thiol, carboxyl, halogen, CH₂OH,CH₂NHC(═O)alkyl, or CH₂NHC(═O)NHalkyl groups. Preferably, n is 1 or 2and said ring is substituted with —NHC(═O)alkyl.

In one advantageous embodiment, R₁ is hydrogen, R₂ is substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, R₃ is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, R₄is hydrogen, L is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl,Q is O, S or NR₇, wherein R₇ is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆ alkyl, and W is substituted or unsubstituted aryl. Preferably, R₂is —A—NHC(═O)B, wherein A and B are each independently unsubstituted orsubstituted C₁-C₄ alkyl. For example, A may be CH₂CH₂. B may be, forexample, alkyl (e.g., methyl), or aminoalkyl (e.g., aminomethyl).Preferably, R₃ is unsubstituted phenyl and L is hydrogen. R₆ may bemethyl or preferably, hydrogen. Preferably, Q is O, S, or NR₇ wherein R₇is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, e.g., methyl. Wis unsubstituted or substituted phenyl (e.g., alkoxy, halogensubstituted). Preferably, W is p-fluorophenyl, p-chlorophenyl, orp-methoxyphenyl. W may also be heteroaryl, e.g., 2-pyridyl.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-6-phenoxymethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-6-(4-fluorophenoxy)methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-6-(4-chlorophenoxy)methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-6-(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-6-(2-pyridyloxy)methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-6-(N-phenylamino)methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-6-(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the deazapurine is4-(2-N′-methylureaethyl)amino-6-phenoxymethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

The invention further pertains to a method for inhibiting the activityof an adenosine receptor (e.g., an A_(2b) adenosine receptor) in a cellby contacting the cell with a compound of the invention. Preferably, thecompound is an antagonist of the receptor.

The invention also pertains to a method for treating a gastrointestinaldisorder (e.g., diarrhea) in an animal by administering to an animal aneffective amount of a compound of the invention (e.g., an antagonist ofA_(2b)). Preferably, the animal is a human.

In another embodiment, the invention relates to a pharmaceuticalcomposition containing an N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine of the inventionand a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The invention also pertains to a method for treating a N-6 substituted7-deazapurine responsive state in an animal, by administering to amammal a therapeutically effective amount of a deazapurine of theinvention, such that treatment of a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurineresponsive state in the animal occurs. Advantageously, the disease statemay be a disorder mediated by adenosine. Examples of preferred diseasestates include: central nervous system disorders, cardiovasculardisorders, renal disorders, inflammatory disorders, allergic disorders,gastrointestinal disorders, eye disorders, and respiratory disorders.

The term “alkyl” refers to the radical of saturated aliphatic groups,including straight-chain alkyl groups, branched-chain alkyl groups,cycloalkyl (alicyclic) groups, alkyl substituted cycloalkyl groups, andcycloalkyl substituted alkyl groups. The term alkyl further includesalkyl groups, which can further include oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur orphosphorous atoms replacing one or more carbons of the hydrocarbonbackbone, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorous atoms. Inpreferred embodiments, a straight chain or branched chain alkyl has 30or fewer carbon atoms in its backbone (e.g., C₁-C₃₀ for straight chain,C₃-C₃₀ for branched chain), and more preferably 20 or fewer. Likewise,preferred cycloalkyls have from 4-10 carbon atoms in their ringstructure, and more preferably have 5, 6 or 7 carbons in the ringstructure.

Moreover, the term alkyl as used throughout the specification and claimsis intended to include both “unsubstituted alkyls” and “substitutedalkyls”, the latter of which refers to alkyl moieties havingsubstituents replacing a hydrogen on one or more carbons of thehydrocarbon backbone. Such substituents can include, for example,halogen, hydroxyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy,aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl,aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl, phosphate, phosphonato,phosphinato, cyano, amino (including alkyl amino, dialkylamino,arylamino, diarylamino, and alkylarylamino), acylamino (includingalkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbarnoyl and ureido), amidino,imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates,sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido,heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety. Itwill be understood by those skilled in the art that the moietiessubstituted on the hydrocarbon chain can themselves be substituted, ifappropriate. Cycloalkyls can be further substituted, e.g., with thesubstituents described above. An “alkylaryl” moiety is an alkylsubstituted with an aryl (e.g., phenylmethyl (benzyl)). The term “alkyl”also includes unsaturated aliphatic groups analogous in length andpossible substitution to the alkyls described above, but that contain atleast one double or triple bond respectively.

The term “aryl” as used herein, refers to the radical of aryl groups,including 5- and 6-membered single-ring aromatic groups that may includefrom zero to four heteroatoms, for example, benzene, pyrrole, furan,thiophene, imidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, triazole, tetrazole,pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine and pyrimidine, and the like.Aryl groups also include polycyclic fused aromatic groups such asnaphthyl, quinolyl, indolyl, and the like. Those aryl groups havingheteroatoms in the ring structure may also be referred to as “arylheterocycles”, “heteroaryls” or “heteroaromatics”. The aromatic ring canbe substituted at one or more ring positions with such substituents asdescribed above, as for example, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy,alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy,aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl,aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato,cyano, amino (including alkyl amino, dialkylamino, arylamino,diarylamino, and alkylarylamino), acylamino (includingalkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido), amidino,imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates,sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido,heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety. Arylgroups can also be fused or bridged with alicyclic or heterocyclic ringswhich are not aromatic so as to form a polycycle (e.g., tetralin).

The terms “alkenyl” and “alkynyl” refer to unsaturated aliphatic groupsanalogous in length and possible substitution to the alkyls describedabove, but that contain at least one double or triple bond respectively.For example, the invention contemplates cyano and propargyl groups.

Unless the number of carbons is otherwise specified, “lower alkyl” asused herein means an alkyl group, as defined above, but having from oneto ten carbons, more preferably from one to six carbon atoms in itsbackbone structure, even more preferably one to three carbon atoms inits backbone structure. Likewise, “lower alkenyl” and “lower alkynyl”have similar chain lengths.

The terms “alkoxyalkyl”, “polyaminoalkyl” and “thioalkoxyalkyl” refer toalkyl groups, as described above, which further include oxygen, nitrogenor sulfur atoms replacing one or more carbons of the hydrocarbonbackbone, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms.

The terms “polycyclyl” or “polycyclic radical” refer to the radical oftwo or more cyclic rings (e.g., cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls,cycloalkynyls, aryls and/or heterocyclyls) in which two or more carbonsare common to two adjoining rings, e.g., the rings are “fused rings”.Rings that are joined through non-adjacent atoms are termed “bridged”rings. Each of the rings of the polycycle can be substituted with suchsubstituents as described above, as for example, halogen, hydroxyl,alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy,aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl,aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl, phosphate, phosphonato,phosphinato, cyano, amino (including alkyl amino, dialkylamino,arylamino, diarylamino, and alkylarylamino), acylamino (includingalkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido), amidino,imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates,sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido,heterocyclyl, alkyl, alkylaryl, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety.

The term “heteroatom” as used herein means an atom of any element otherthan carbon or hydrogen. Preferred heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen,sulfur and phosphorus.

The term “amino acids” includes naturally and unnaturally occurringamino acids found in proteins such as glycine, alanine, valine,cysteine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, threonine, methionine, glutamicacid, aspartic acid, glutamine, asparagine, lysine, arginine, proline,histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Amino acid analogsinclude amino acids with lengthened or shortened side chains or variantside chains with appropriate functional groups. Amino acids also includeD and L stereoisomers of an amino acid when the structure of the aminoacid admits of stereoisomeric forms. The term “dipeptide” includes twoor more amino acids linked together. Preferably, dipeptides are twoamino acids linked via a peptide linkage. Particularly preferreddipeptides include, for example, alanine-alanine and glycine-alanine.

It will be noted that the structure of some of the compounds of thisinvention includes asymmetric carbon atoms. It is to be understoodaccordingly that the isomers arising from such asymmetry (e.g., allenantiomers and diastereomers) are included within the scope of thisinvention, unless indicated otherwise. Such isomers can be obtained insubstantially pure form by classical separation techniques and bystereochemically controlled synthesis.

The invention further pertains to pharmaceutical compositions fortreating a N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine responsive state in a mammal,e.g., respiratory disorders (e.g., asthma, bronchitis, chronicobstructive pulmonary disorder, and allergic rhinitis), renal disorders,gastrointestinal disorders, and eye disorders. The pharmaceuticalcomposition includes a therapeutically effective amount of a N-6substituted 7-deazapurine, described supra, and a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier. It is to be understood, that all of the deazapurinesdescribed above are included for therapeutic treatment. It is to befurther understood that the deazapurines of the invention can be usedalone or in combination with other deazapurines of the invention or incombination with additional therapeutic compounds, such as antibiotics,antiinflammatories, or anticancer agents, for example.

The term “antibiotic” is art recognized and is intended to include thosesubstances produced by growing microorganisms and synthetic derivativesthereof, which eliminate or inhibit growth of pathogens and areselectively toxic to the pathogen while producing minimal or nodeleterious effects upon the infected host subject. Suitable examples ofantibiotics include, but are not limited to, the principle classes ofaminoglycosides, cephalosporins, chloramphenicols, fuscidic acids,macrolides, penicillins, polymixins, tetracyclines and streptomycins.

The term “antiinflammatory” is art recognized and is intended to includethose agents which act on body mechanisms, without directly antagonizingthe causative agent of the inflammation such as glucocorticoids,aspirin, ibuprofen, NSAIDS, etc.

The term “anticancer agent” is art recognized and is intended to includethose agents which diminish, eradicate, or prevent growth of cancercells without, preferably, adversely affecting other physiologicalfunctions. Representative examples include cisplatin andcyclophosphamide.

When the compounds of the present invention are administered aspharmaceuticals, to humans and mammals, they can be given per se or as apharmaceutical composition containing, for example, 0.1 to 99.5% (morepreferably, 0.5 to 90%) of active ingredient in combination with apharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” as used herein means apharmaceutically acceptable material, composition or vehicle, such as aliquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, solvent or encapsulatingmaterial, involved in carrying or transporting a compound(s) of thepresent invention within or to the subject such that it can performs itsintended function. Typically, such compounds are carried or transportedfrom one organ, or portion of the body, to another organ, or portion ofthe body. Each carrier must be “acceptable” in the sense of beingcompatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and notinjurious to the patient. Some examples of materials which can serve aspharmaceutically acceptable carriers include: sugars, such as lactose,glucose and sucrose; starches, such as corn starch and potato starch;cellulose, and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt;gelatin; talc; excipients, such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes;oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil,olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; glycols, such as propylene glycol;polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol;esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents,such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid;pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline; Ringer's solution; ethyl alcohol;phosphate buffer solutions; and other non-toxic compatible substancesemployed in pharmaceutical formulations.

As set out above, certain embodiments of the present compounds cancontain a basic functional group, such as amino or alkylamino, and are,thus, capable of forming pharmaceutically acceptable salts withpharmaceutically acceptable acids. The term “pharmaceutically acceptablesalts” in this respect, refers to the relatively non-toxic, inorganicand organic acid addition salts of compounds of the present invention.These salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation andpurification of the compounds of the invention, or by separatelyreacting a purified compound of the invention in its free base form witha suitable organic or inorganic acid, and isolating the salt thusformed. Representative salts include the hydrobromide, hydrochloride,sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, nitrate, acetate, valerate, oleate,palmitate, stearate, laurate, benzoate, lactate, phosphate, tosylate,citrate, maleate, fumarate, succinate, tartrate, napthylate, mesylate,glucoheptonate, lactobionate, and laurylsulphonate salts and the like.(See, e.g., Berge et al. (1977) “Pharmaceutical Salts”, J. Pharm. Sci.66:1-19).

In other cases, the compounds of the present invention may contain oneor more acidic functional groups and, thus, are capable of formingpharmaceutically acceptable salts with pharmaceutically acceptablebases. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” in these instancesrefers to the relatively non-toxic, inorganic and organic base additionsalts of compounds of the present invention. These salts can likewise beprepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of thecompounds, or by separately reacting the purified compound in its freeacid form with a suitable base, such as the hydroxide, carbonate orbicarbonate of a pharmaceutically acceptable metal cation, with ammonia,or with a pharmaceutically acceptable organic primary, secondary ortertiary amine. Representative alkali or alkaline earth salts includethe lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and aluminum saltsand the like. Representative organic amines useful for the formation ofbase addition salts include ethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine,ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperazine and the like.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable esters” refers to the relativelynon-toxic, esterified products of the compounds of the presentinvention. These esters can be prepared in situ during the finalisolation and purification of the compounds, or by separately reactingthe purified compound in its free acid form or hydroxyl with a suitableesterifying agent. Carboxylic acids can be converted into esters viatreatment with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. Hydroxylcontaining derivatives can be converted into esters via treatment withan esterifying agent such as alkanoyl halides. The term is furtherintended to include lower hydrocarbon groups capable of being solvatedunder physiological conditions, e.g., alkyl esters, methyl, ethyl andpropyl esters. (See, for example, Berge et al., supra.) The inventionfurther contemplates the use of prodrugs which are converted in vivo tothe therapeutic compounds of the invention (see, e.g., R. B. Silverman,1992, “The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action”, AcademicPress, Chp. 8). Such prodrugs can be used to alter the biodistribution(e.g., to allow compounds which would not typically enter the reactivesite of the protease) or the pharmacokinetics of the therapeuticcompound. For example, a carboxylic acid group, can be esterified, e.g.,with a methyl group or an ethyl group to yield an ester. When the esteris administered to a subject, the ester is cleaved, enzymatically ornon-enzymatically, reductively or hydrolytically, to reveal the anionicgroup. An anionic group can be esterified with moieties (e.g.,acyloxymethyl esters) which are cleaved to reveal an intermediatecompound which subsequently decomposes to yield the active compound. Inanother embodiment, the prodrug is a reduced form of a sulfate orsulfonate, e.g., a thiol, which is oxidized in vivo to the therapeuticcompound. Furthermore, an anionic moiety can be esterified to a groupwhich is actively transported in vivo, or which is selectively taken upby target organs. The ester can be selected to allow specific targetingof the therapeutic moieties to particular reactive sites, as describedbelow for carrier moieties.

Wetting agents, emulsifiers and lubricants, such as sodium laurylsulfate and magnesium stearate, as well as coloring agents, releaseagents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents,preservatives and antioxidants can also be present in the compositions.

Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable antioxidants include: watersoluble antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, cysteine hydrochloride,sodium bisulfate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite and the like;oil-soluble antioxidants, such as ascorbyl palmitate, butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), lecithin, propylgallate, alpha-tocopherol, and the like; and metal chelating agents,such as citric acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), sorbitol,tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like.

Formulations of the present invention include those suitable for oral,nasal, topical, transdermal, buccal, sublingual, rectal, vaginal and/orparenteral administration. The formulations may conveniently bepresented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any methods wellknown in the art of pharmacy. The amount of active ingredient which canbe combined with a carrier material to produce a single dosage form willgenerally be that amount of the compound which produces a therapeuticeffect. Generally, out of one hundred per cent, this amount will rangefrom about 1 per cent to about ninety-nine percent of active ingredient,preferably from about 5 per cent to about 70 per cent, most preferablyfrom about 10 per cent to about 30 per cent.

Methods of preparing these formulations or compositions include the stepof bringing into association a compound of the present invention withthe carrier and, optionally, one or more accessory ingredients. Ingeneral, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimatelybringing into association a compound of the present invention withliquid carriers, or finely divided solid carriers, or both, and then, ifnecessary, shaping the product.

Formulations of the invention suitable for oral administration may be inthe form of capsules, cachets, pills, tablets, lozenges (using aflavored basis, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth), powders,granules, or as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueousliquid, or as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil liquid emulsion, or as anelixir or syrup, or as pastilles (using an inert base, such as gelatinand glycerin, or sucrose and acacia) and/or as mouth washes and thelike, each containing a predetermined amount of a compound of thepresent invention as an active ingredient. A compound of the presentinvention may also be administered as a bolus, electuary or paste.

In solid dosage forms of the invention for oral administration(capsules, tablets, pills, dragees, powders, granules and the like), theactive ingredient is mixed with one or more pharmaceutically acceptablecarriers, such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate, and/or any ofthe following: fillers or extenders, such as starches, lactose, sucrose,glucose, mannitol, and/or silicic acid; binders, such as, for example,carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone,sucrose and/or acacia; humectants, such as glycerol; disintegratingagents, such as agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch,alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate; solutionretarding agents, such as paraffin; absorption accelerators, such asquaternary ammonium compounds; wetting agents, such as, for example,cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate; absorbents, such as kaolin andbentonite clay; lubricants, such a talc, calcium stearate, magnesiumstearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, andmixtures thereof; and coloring agents. In the case of capsules, tabletsand pills, the pharmaceutical compositions may also comprise bufferingagents. Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed asfillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipientsas lactose or milk sugars, as well as high molecular weight polyethyleneglycols and the like.

A tablet may be made by compression or molding, optionally with one ormore accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared usingbinder (for example, gelatin or hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose),lubricant, inert diluent, preservative, disintegrant (for example,sodium starch glycolate or cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose),surface-active or dispersing agent. Molded tablets may be made bymolding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compoundmoistened with an inert liquid diluent.

The tablets, and other solid dosage forms of the pharmaceuticalcompositions of the present invention, such as dragees, capsules, pillsand granules, may optionally be scored or prepared with coatings andshells, such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in thepharmaceutical-formulating art. They may also be formulated so as toprovide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient thereinusing, for example, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose in varying proportionsto provide the desired release profile, other polymer matrices,liposomes and/or microspheres. They may be sterilized by, for example,filtration through a bacteria-retaining filter, or by incorporatingsterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which canbe dissolved in sterile water, or some other sterile injectable mediumimmediately before use. These compositions may also optionally containopacifying agents and may be of a composition that they release theactive ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain portion ofthe gastrointestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples ofembedding compositions which can be used include polymeric substancesand waxes. The active ingredient can also be in micro-encapsulated form,if appropriate, with one or more of the above-described excipients.

Liquid dosage forms for oral administration of the compounds of theinvention include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions,solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the activeingredient, the liquid dosage forms may contain inert dilutents commonlyused in the art, such as, for example, water or other solvents,solubilizing agents and emulsifiers, such as ethyl alcohol, isopropylalcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzylbenzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, oils (in particular,cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor and sesame oils),glycerol, tetrahydrofuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acidesters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof.

Besides inert dilutents, the oral compositions can also includeadjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents,sweetening, flavoring, coloring, perfuming and preservative agents.

Suspensions, in addition to the active compounds, may contain suspendingagents as, for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylenesorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminummetahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar and tragacanth, and mixturesthereof.

Formulations of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention forrectal or vaginal administration may be presented as a suppository,which may be prepared by mixing one or more compounds of the inventionwith one or more suitable nonirritating excipients or carrierscomprising, for example, cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, asuppository wax or a salicylate, and which is solid at room temperature,but liquid at body temperature and, therefore, will melt in the rectumor vaginal cavity and release the active compound.

Formulations of the present invention which are suitable for vaginaladministration also include pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes,foams or spray formulations containing such carriers as are known in theart to be appropriate.

Dosage forms for the topical or transdermal administration of a compoundof this invention include powders, sprays, ointments, pastes, creams,lotions, gels, solutions, patches and inhalants. The active compound maybe mixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier, and with any preservatives, buffers, or propellants which maybe required.

The ointments, pastes, creams and gels may contain, in addition to anactive compound of this invention, excipients, such as animal andvegetable fats, oils, waxes, paraffins, starch, tragacanth, cellulosederivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones, bentonites, silicic acid,talc and zinc oxide, or mixtures thereof.

Powders and sprays can contain, in addition to a compound of thisinvention, excipients such as lactose, talc, silicic acid, aluminumhydroxide, calcium silicates and polyamide powder, or mixtures of thesesubstances. Sprays can additionally contain customary propellants, suchas chlorofluorohydrocarbons and volatile unsubstituted hydrocarbons,such as butane and propane.

Transdermal patches have the added advantage of providing controlleddelivery of a compound of the present invention to the body. Such dosageforms can be made by dissolving or dispersing the compound in the propermedium. Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux ofthe compound across the skin. The rate of such flux can be controlled byeither providing a rate controlling membrane or dispersing the activecompound in a polymer matrix or gel.

Ophthalmic formulations, eye ointments, powders, solutions and the like,are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention.Preferably, the pharmaceutical preparation is an ophthalmic formulation(e.g., an periocular, retrobulbar or intraocular injection formulation,a systemic formulation, or a surgical irrigating solution).

The ophthalmic formulations of the present invention may include one ormore deazapurines and a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. Varioustypes of vehicles may be used. The vehicles will generally be aqueous innature. Aqueous solutions are generally preferred, based on case offormulation, as well as a patient's ability to easily administer suchcompositions by means of instilling one to two drops of the solutions inthe affected eyes. However, the deazapurines of the present inventionmay also be readily incorporated into other types of compositions, suchas suspensions, viscous or semi-viscous gels or other types of solid orsemi-solid compositions. The ophthalmic compositions of the presentinvention may also include various other ingredients, such as buffers,preservatives, co-solvents and viscosity building agents.

An appropriate buffer system (e.g., sodium phosphate, sodium acetate orsodium borate) may be added to prevent pH drift under storageconditions.

Ophthalmic products are typically packaged in multidose form.Preservatives are thus required to prevent microbial contaminationduring use. Suitable preservatives include: benzalkonium chloride,thimerosal, chlorobutanol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, phenylethylalcohol, edetate disodium, sorbic acid, polyquatemium-1, or other agentsknown to those skilled in the art. Such preservatives are typicallyemployed at a level of from 0.001 to 1.0% weight/volume (“% w/v”).

When the deazapurines of the present invention are administered duringintraocular surgical procedures, such as through retrobulbar orperiocular injection and intraocular perfusion or injection, the use ofbalanced salt irrigating solutions as vehicles are most preferred. BSS®Sterile Irrigating Solution and BSS Plus® Sterile Intraocular IrrigatingSolution (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, Tex. USA) are examplesof physiologically balanced intraocular irrigating solutions. The lattertype of solution is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,550,022 (Garabedian, etal.), the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated in thepresent specification by reference. Retrobulbar and periocularinjections are known to those skilled in the art and are described innumerous publications including, for example, Ophthalmic Surgery:Principles of Practice, Ed., G. L. Spaeth. W. B. Sanders Co.,Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A., pages 85-87 (1990).

As indicated above, use of deazapurines to prevent or reduce damage toretinal and optic nerve head tissues at the cellular level is aparticularly important aspect of one embodiment of the invention.Ophthalmic conditions which may be treated include, but are not limitedto, retinopathies, macular degeneration, ocular ischemia, glaucoma, anddamage associated with injuries to ophthalmic tissues, such as ischemiareperfusion injuries, photochemical injuries, and injuries associatedwith ocular surgery, particularly injuries to the retina or optic nervehead by exposure to light or surgical instruments. The compounds mayalso be used as an adjunct to ophthalmic surgery, such as by vitreal orsubconjunctival injection following ophthalmic surgery. The compoundsmay be used for acute treatment of temporary conditions, or may beadministered chronically, especially in the case of degenerativedisease. The compounds may also be used prophylactically, especiallyprior to ocular surgery or noninvasive ophthalmic procedures, or othertypes of surgery.

Pharmaceutical compositions of this invention suitable for parenteraladministration comprise one or more compounds of the invention incombination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable sterileisotonic aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions oremulsions, or sterile powders which may be reconstituted into sterileinjectable solutions or dispersions just prior to use, which may containantioxidants, buffers, bacteriostats, solutes which render theformulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient orsuspending or thickening agents.

Examples of suitable aqueous and nonaqueous carriers which may beemployed in the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention includewater, ethanol, polyols (such as glycerol, propylene glycol,polyethylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof,vegetable oils, such as olive oil, and injectable organic esters, suchas ethyl oleate. Proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by theuse of coating materials, such as lecithin, by the maintenance of therequired particle size in the case of dispersions, and by the use ofsurfactants.

These compositions may also contain adjuvants such as preservatives,wetting agents, emulsifying agents and dispersing agents. Prevention ofthe action of microorganisms may be ensured by the inclusion of variousantibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, paraben,chlorobutanol, phenol sorbic acid, and the like. It may also bedesirable to include isotonic agents, such as sugars, sodium chloride,and the like into the compositions. In addition, prolonged absorption ofthe injectable pharmaceutical form may be brought about by the inclusionof agents which delay absorption such as aluminum monostearate andgelatin.

In some cases, in order to prolong the effect of a drug, it is desirableto slow the absorption of the drug from subcutaneous or intramuscularinjection. This may be accomplished by the use of a liquid suspension ofcrystalline or amorphous material having poor water solubility. The rateof absorption of the drug then depends upon its rate of dissolutionwhich, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form.Alternatively, delayed absorption of a parenterally-administered drugform is accomplished by dissolving or suspending the drug in an oilvehicle.

Injectable depot forms are made by forming microencapsule matrices ofthe subject compounds in biodegradable polymers such aspolylactide-polyglycolide. Depending on the ratio of drug to polymer,and the nature of the particular polymer employed, the rate of drugrelease can be controlled. Examples of other biodegradable polymersinclude poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides). Depot injectableformulations are also prepared by entrapping the drug in liposomes ormicroemulsions which are compatible with body tissue.

The preparations of the present invention may be given orally,parenterally, topically, or rectally. They are of course given by formssuitable for each administration route. For example, they areadministered in tablets or capsule form, by injection, inhalation, eyelotion, ointment, suppository, etc. administration by injection,infusion or inhalation; topical by lotion or ointment; and rectal bysuppositories. Oral administration is preferred.

The phrases “parenteral administration” and “administered parenterally”as used herein means modes of administration other than enteral andtopical administration, usually by injection, and includes, withoutlimitation, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarterial, intrathecal,intracapsular, intraorbital, intracardiac, intradermal, intraperitoneal,transtracheal, subcutaneous, subcuticular, intraarticular, subcapsular,subarachnoid, intraspinal and intrasternal injection and infusion.

The phrases “systemic administration,” “administered systematically,”“peripheral administration” and “administered peripherally” as usedherein mean the administration of a compound, drug or other materialother than directly into the central nervous system, such that it entersthe patient's system and, thus, is subject to metabolism and other likeprocesses, for example, subcutaneous administration.

These compounds may be administered to humans and other animals fortherapy by any suitable route of administration, including orally,nasally, as by, for example, a spray, rectally, intravaginally,parenterally, intracisternally and topically, as by powders, ointmentsor drops, including buccally and sublingually.

Regardless of the route of administration selected, the compounds of thepresent invention, which may be used in a suitable hydrated form, and/orthe pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention, are formulatedinto pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms by conventional methodsknown to those of skill in the art.

Actual dosage levels of the active ingredients in the pharmaceuticalcompositions of this invention may be varied so as to obtain an amountof the active ingredient which is effective to achieve the desiredtherapeutic response for a particular patient, composition, and mode ofadministration, without being toxic to the patient.

The selected dosage level will depend upon a variety of factorsincluding the activity of the particular compound of the presentinvention employed, or the ester, salt or amide thereof, the route ofadministration, the time of administration, the rate of excretion of theparticular compound being employed, the duration of the treatment, otherdrugs, compounds and/or materials used in combination with theparticular compound employed, the age, sex, weight, condition, generalhealth and prior medical history of the patient being treated, and likefactors well known in the medical arts.

A physician or veterinarian having ordinary skill in the art can readilydetermine and prescribe the effective amount of the pharmaceuticalcomposition required. For example, the physician or veterinarian couldstart doses of the compounds of the invention employed in thepharmaceutical composition at levels lower than that required in orderto achieve the desired therapeutic effect and gradually increase thedosage until the desired effect is achieved.

In general, a suitable daily dose of a compound of the invention will bethat amount of the compound which is the lowest dose effective toproduce a therapeutic effect. Such an effective dose will generallydepend upon the factors described above. Generally, intravenous andsubcutaneous doses of the compounds of this invention for a patient,when used for the indicated analgesic effects, will range from about0.0001 to about 200 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, morepreferably from about 0.01 to about 150 mg per kg per day, and stillmore preferably from about 0.2 to about 140 mg per kg per day.

If desired, the effective daily dose of the active compound may beadministered as two, three, four, five, six or more sub-dosesadministered separately at appropriate intervals throughout the day,optionally, in unit dosage forms.

While it is possible for a compound of the present invention to beadministered alone, it is preferable to administer the compound as apharmaceutical composition.

The present invention also pertains to packaged pharmaceuticalcompositions for treating a N-6 substituted 7 deazapurine responsivestate, e.g., undesirable increased adenosine receptor activity in amammal. The packaged pharmaceutical compositions include a containerholding a therapeutically effective amount of at least one deazapurineas described supra and instructions for using the deazapurine fortreating the deazapurine responsive state in the mammal.

The deazapurines of the invention can be prepared using standard methodsfor organic synthesis. Deazapurines can be purified by reverse phaseHPLC, chromatography, recrystallization, etc. and their structuresconfirmed by mass spectral analysis, elemental analysis, IR and/or NMRspectroscopy.

Typically, synthesis of the intermediates as well as the deazapurines ofthe invention is performed in solution. The addition and removal of oneor more protecting group is also typical practice and is known to thoseskilled in the art. Typical synthetic schemes for the preparation ofdeazapurine intermediates of the invention are outlined below in SchemeI.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples which inno way should be construed as being further limiting. The contents ofall references, pending patent applications and published patentapplications, cited throughout this application, including thosereferenced in the background section, are hereby incorporated byreference. It should be understood that the models used throughout theexamples are accepted models and that the demonstration of efficacy inthese models is predictive of efficacy in humans.

The deazapurines of the invention can be prepared using standard methodsfor organic synthesis. Deazapurines can be purified by reverse phaseHPLC, chromatography, recrystallization, etc. and their structuresconfirmed by mass spectral analysis, elemental analysis, IR and/or NMRspectroscopy.

Typically, synthesis of the intermediates as well as the deazapurines ofthe invention is performed in solution. The addition and removal of oneor more protecting group is also typical practice and is known to thoseskilled in the art. Typical synthetic schemes for the preparation ofdeazapurine intermediates of the invention are outlined below in SchemeI.

wherein R₃, R₅ and R₆ are as defined above.

In general, a protected 2-amino-3-cyano-pyrrole can be treated with anacyl halide to form a carboxyamido-3-cyano-pyrrole which can be treatedwith acidic methanol to effect ring closure to apyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine-4(3H)-one (Muller, C. E. et al. J. Med. Chem.40:4396 (1997)). Removal of the pyrrolo protecting group followed bytreatment with a chlorinating reagent, e.g., phosphorous oxychloride,produced substituted or unsubstituted4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidines. Treatment of the chloropyrimidinewith amines afforded 7-deazapurines.

For example, as shown in Scheme I, aN-(1-dl-phenylethyl)-2-amino-3-cyano-pyrrole was treated with an acylhalide in pyridine and dichloromethane. The resultantN-(1-dl-phenylethyl)-2-phenylcarboxyamido-3-cyano-pyrrole was treatedwith a 10:1 mixture of methanol/sulfuric acid to effect ring closure,resulting in a dl-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine-4(3H)-one.Removal of the phenylethyl group by treatment of the pyrimidine withpolyphosphoric acid (PPA) followed by POCl₃ afforded a key intermediate,the 4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine. Further treatment of the4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine with various amines listed in Table1 gives compounds of formula (I) and (II).

TABLE 1 R M⁺ + H R M⁺ + H

343.2

351.27

343.18

430.35

337.21

359.44

330.18

330.45

347.22

339.47

350.28

353.41

344.19

324.45

394.16

359.38

371.12

379.40

359.39

387.41

403.33

344.48

330.37

295.2

407.23

321.2

355.45

337.53

441.33

350.2

413.24

343.2

372.48

373.2

307.2

A general approach to prepare 6-substituted pyrroles is depicted in thefollowing scheme (Scheme II).

wherein R₁ through R₅ are as defined above.

Transesterification and alkylation of ethyl cyanoacetate with anα-haloketone affords a ketomiethylester. Protection of the ketonefollowed by treatment with an amnidine (e.g., alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl)hydrochloride produced the resultant ketal protected pyrimidine. Removalof the protecting group, followed by cyclization and treatment withphosphorous oxychloride afforded the chloride intermediate which couldbe further treated with an amine to afford an amine 6-substitutedpyrrole. Additionally, alkylation of the pyrrole nitrogen can beachieved under art recognized conditions.

A general approach to prepare 5-substituted pyrroles is depicted in thefollowing scheme (Scheme III).

wherein R₁ through R₆ are defined as above and R is a removableprotecting group.

Condensation of malononitrile and an excess of a ketone followed bybromination of the product afforded a mixture of starting material,monobrominated and dibrominated products which were treated with analkylamine, arylamine or alkylarylamine. The resultant amine product wasacylated with an acid chloride and the monacylated pyrrole was cyclizedin the presence of acid to afford the corresponding pyrimidine. Thepyrrole protecting group was removed with polyphosphoric acid andtreated with phosphorous oxychloride to produce a chlorinated product.The chlorinated pyrrole could subsequently be treated with an amine toproduce an amino 5-substituted pyrrole. Alkylation of the pyrrolenitrogen can be achieved under art recognized conditions.

Schemes IV and V depict methods for preparing the deazapurines 1 and 2of the invention.

wherein R₅ and R₆ are as described above, e.g., CH₃.

Specific Preparation of 6-methyl pyrrolopyrimidines

The key reaction toward 6-methylpyrrolopyrimidines (1) [R₅=CH₃] wascyclization of a cyanoacetate with benzamidine to a pyrimidine. It wasbelieved methyl cyanoacetate would cyclize more efficiently withbenzamidine to a pyrimidine than the corresponding ethyl ester.Therefore, transesterification and alkylation of ethyl cyanoacetate inthe presence of NaOMe and an excess of an α-haloacetyl moiety, e.g.,chloroacetone, gave the desired methyl ester (3) in 79% yield (SchemeIV). The ketoester (3) was protected as the acetal (4) in 81% yield. Anew cyclization method to the pyrimidine (5) was achieved with anamidine hydrochloride, e.g., benzamidine hydrochloride, with 2equivalents of DBU to afford the 5 in 54% isolated yield. This methodimproves the yield from 20% using the published conditions, whichutilizes NaOMe during the cyclization with guanidine. Cyclization to thepyrrole-pyrimidine (6) was achieved via deprotection of the acetal inaqueous HCl in 78% yield. Reaction of (6) with phosphorous oxychlorideat reflux gave the corresponding 4-chloro derivative (7). Coupling withtrans-4-aminocyclohexanol in dimethyl sulfoxide at 135° C. gave (1) in57% from (7). One skilled in the art will appreciate that choice ofreagents allows for great flexibility in choosing the desiredsubstituent R₅.

Specific Preparation of 5-methylpyrrolopyrimidines

Knoevengel condensation of malononitrile and an excess ketone, e.g.,acetone in refluxing benzene gave 8 in 50% yield after distillation.Bromination of 8 with N-bromosuccinimde in the presence of benzoylperoxide in chloroform yielded a mixture of starting material, mono-(9),and di-brominated products (5/90/5) after distillation (70%). Themixture was reacted with an α-methylalkylamine or α-methylarylamine,e.g., α-methylbenzylamine, to deliver the aminopyrrole (10). Afterpassing through a short silica gel column, the partially purified amine(31% yield) was acylated with an acid chloride, e.g., benzoyl chlorideto deliver mono-(11), and diacylated (12) pyrroles, which were separatedby flash chromatography. Acid hydrolysis of the disubstituted pyrrole(12) generated a combined yield of 29% for the acylpyrrole (11).Cyclization in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid and DMFyielded (13) (23%), which was deprotected with polyphosphoric acid to(14). Reaction of (14) with phosphorous oxychloride at reflux gave thecorresponding 4-chloro derivative (15). Coupling withtrans-4-aminocyclohexanol in dimethyl sulfoxide at 135° C. gave (2)[R₆=CH₃] in 30% from (14) (See Scheme V). One skilled in the art willappreciate that choice of reagents allows for great flexibility inchoosing the desired substituent R₆.

Alternative Synthetic Route to R₆-Substituted Pyrroles, e.g., 5-methylpyrrolopyrimidines

This alternative route to R₆-substituted pyrroles, e.g.,5-methylpyrrolopyrimidines, involves transesterification and alkylationof ethyl cyanoacetate to (16) (Scheme VI). The condensation of (16) withbenzamidine hydrochloride with 2 equivalents of DBU affords thepyrimidine (17). Cyclization to the pyrrole-pyrimidine (14) will beachieved via deprotection of the acetal in aqueous HCl. Reaction of (14)with phosphorous oxychloride at reflux gave the corresponding 4-chloroderivative (15). Coupling with trans-4-aminocyclohexanol in dimethylsulfoxide at 135° C. gives 2. This procedure reduces the number ofsynthetic reactions to the target compound (2) from 9 to 4 steps.Moreover, the yield is dramatically improved. Again, one skilled in theart will appreciate that choice of reagents allows for great flexibilityin choosing the desired substituent R₆.

A general approach to prepare des-methyl pyrrole is depicted in thefollowing scheme (Scheme VII)

wherein R₁ through R₃ are defined as above.

Alkylation of an alkyl cyanoacetate with a diethyl acetal in thepresence of a base afforded a cyano diethyl acetal which was treatedwith an amidine salt to produce a methyl pyrrolopyrimidine precursor.The precursor was chlorinated and treated with an amine to form thedes-methyl pyrrolopyrimidine target as shown above.

For example, Scheme VIII depicts the synthesis of compound (18).

Commercially available methyl cyanoacetate was alkylated withbromoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal in the presence of potassium carbonateand NaI to yield (19). Cyclization to the pyrimidine (20) was achievedin two steps. Initially, the pyrimidine-acetal was formed via reactionof (19) with benzamidine hydrochloride with 2 equivalents of DBU. Theresultant pyrimidine-acetal was deprotected without purification withaqueous 1 N HCl and the resultant aldehyde cyclized to thepyrrolo-pyrimidine (20), which was isolated by filtration. Reaction of(20) with phosphorous oxychloride at reflux afforded the corresponding4-chloro derivative (21). Coupling of the chloro derivative withtrans-4-aminocyclohexanol in DMSO at 135° C. gave compound (18) fromcompound (21).

Schemes II-VIII demonstrate that it is possible to functionalize the 5-and 6-position of the pyrrolopyrimidine ring. Through the use ofdifferent starting reagents and slight modifications of the abovereaction schemes, various functional groups can be introduced at the 5-and 6-positions in formula (I) and (II). Table 2 illustrates someexamples.

TABLE 2 Selected list of 5- and 6-substituted pyrrolopyrimidines.Starting Reagent R₅ R₆

H H

H Substituted Ar

H CH₂C(O)OCH₃

C(O)OCH₃ CH₃

C(O)NHCH₃ CH₃

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples which inno way should be construed as being further limiting. The contents ofall references, pending patent applications and published patentapplications, cited throughout this application, including thosereferenced in the background section, are hereby incorporated byreference. It should be understood that the models used throughout theexamples are accepted models and that the demonstration of efficacy inthese models is predictive of efficacy in humans.

Exemplification

Preparation 1

A modification of the alkylation method of Seela and Lüpke was used.¹ Toan ice-cooled (0° C.) solution of ethyl cyanoacetate (6.58 g, 58.1 mmol)in MeOH (20 mL) was slowly added a solution of NaOMe (25% w/v; 58.1mmol). After 10 min, chloroacetone (5 mL; 62.8 mmol) was slowly added.After 4 h, the solvent was removed. The brown oil was diluted the EtOAc(100 mL) and washed with H₂O (100 mL). The organic fraction was dried,filtered, and concentrated to a brown oil (7.79 g; 79%). The oil (3)(Scheme IV) was a mixture of methyl/ethyl ester products (9/1), and wasused without further purification. ¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ4.24 (q,J=7.2 Hz, OCH₂), 3.91 (dd, 1H, J=7.2, 7.0 Hz, CH), 3.62 (s, 3H, OCH₃),3.42 (dd, 1H, J=15.0, 7.1 Hz, 1×CH₂); 3.02 (dd, 1H, J=15.0, 7.0 Hz,1×CH₂); 2.44 (s, 3H, CH₃), 1.26 (t, J=7.1 Hz, ester-CH₃).

¹ Seela, F.; Lüpke, U. Chem. Ber. 1977, 110, 1462-1469.

Preparation 2

The procedure of Seela and Lüpke was used.¹ Thus, protection of theketone (3) (Scheme IV; 5.0 g, 32.2 mmol) with ethylene glycol (4 mL,64.4 mmol) in the presence of TsOH (100 mg) afforded (4) as an oil(Scheme IV; 5.2 g, 81.0) after flash chromatography (SiO₂; 3/7EtOAc/Hex, R_(f) 0.35). Still contains ˜5% ethyl ester: ¹H NMR (200 MHz,CDCl₃) δ4.24 (q, J=7.2 Hz, OCH₂), 3.98 (s, 4H, 2×acetal-CH₂), 3.79 (s,3H, OCH₃), 3.62 (dd, 1H, J=7.2, 7.0 Hz, CH), 2.48 (dd, 1H, J=15.0, 7.1Hz, 1×CH₂), 2.32 (dd, 1H, J=15.0, 7.0 Hz, 1×CH₂); 1.35 (s, 3H, CH₃),1.26 (t, J=7.1 Hz, ester-CH₃); MS (ES): 200.1 (M⁺+1).

¹ Seela, F.; Lüpke, U. Chem. Ber. 1977, 110, 1462-1469.

Preparation 3

A solution of acetal (4) (Scheme IV, 1 g, 5.02 mmol), benzamidine (786mg, 5.02 mmol), and DBU (1.5 mL, 10.04 mmol) in dry DMF (15 mL) washeated to 85° C. for 15 h. The mixture was diluted with CHCl₃ (30 mL)and washed with 0.5 N NaOH (10 mL) and H₂O (20 mL). The organic fractionwas dried, filtered and concentrated to a brown oil. Flashchromatography (SiO₂; 1/9 EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂, R_(f) 0.35) was attempted, butmaterial crystallized on the column. The silica gel was washed withMeOH. Fractions containing the product (5) (Scheme IV) were concentratedand used without further purification (783 mg, 54.3%): ¹H NMR (200 MHz,CDCl₃) δ8.24 (m, 2H, Ar—H), 7.45 (m, 3H, Ar—H), 5.24 (br s, 2H, NH₂),3.98 (s, 4H, 2×acetal-CH₂), 3.60-3.15 (m, 2H, CH₂), 1.38 (s, 3H, CH₃);MS (ES): 288.1 (M⁺+1).

Preparation of compound (20) (Scheme VIII): A solution of acetal (19)(4.43 g, 20.6 mmol)¹, benzamine hydrochloride (3.22 g, 20.6 mmol), andDBU (6.15 mL, 41.2 mmol) in dry DMF (20 mL) was heated to 85° C. forfifteen hours. The mixture was diluted with 100 mL of CHCl₃, and washedwith H₂O (2×50 mL). The organic fraction was dried, filtered, andconcentrated to a dark brown oil. The dark brown oil was stirred in 1NHCl (100 mL) for 2 hours at room temperature. The resulting slurry wasfiltered yielding the HCl salt of (20) as a tan solid (3.60 g, 70.6%);¹H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d6) 11.92 (s 1H), 8.05 (m, 2H, Ar—H), 7.45 (m, 3H,Ar—H), 7.05 (s, 1H, pyrrole-H); MS(ES): 212.1 (M⁺+1).

¹ Chen, Y. L.; Mansbach, R. S.; Winter, S. M.; Brooks, E.; Collins, J.;Corman, M. L.; Dunaiskis, A. R.; Faraci, W. S.; Gallaschun, R. J.;Schmidt, A.; Schulz, D. W. J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 1749-1754.

Preparation 4

A solution of acetal (5) (700 mg, 2.44 mmol) in 1 N HCl (40 mL) wasstirred for 2 h at RT. The resultant slurry was filtered yielding theHCl salt of 2-phenyl-6-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one as atan solid (498 mg, 78.0%): ¹H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ11.78 (s, 1H),8.05 (m, 2H, Ar—H), 7.45 (m, 3H, Ar—H), 6.17 (s, 1H, pyrrole-H), 2.25(s, 3H, CH₃); MS (ES): 226.1 (M⁺+1).

Preparation 5

A modification of the Chen et al. cyclization method was used.¹ To anice-cooled (0° C.) solution of bromide (9), (Scheme V; 20.0 g, 108 mmol;90% pure) in isopropyl alcohol (60 mL) was slowly added a solution ofα-methylbenzylamine (12.5 mL, 97.3 mmol). The black solution was allowedto warm to RT and stir for 15 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (200mL) and washed with 0.5 N NaOH (50 mL). The organic fraction was dried,filtered, and concentrated to a black tar (19.2 g; 94%). The residue waspartially purified by flash chromatography (SiO₂; 4/96 MeOH/CH₂Cl₂,R_(f) 0.35) to a black solid (6.38 g, 31%) as the compounddl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-amino-3-cyano-4-methylpyrrole: MS (ES): 226.1(M⁺+1).

¹ Chen, Y. L.; Mansbach, R. S.; Winter, S. M.; Brooks, E.; Collins, J.;Corman, M. L.; Dunaiskis, A. R.; Faraci, W. S.; Gallaschun, R. J.;Schmidt, A.; Schulz, D. W. J. Med Chem. 1997, 40, 1749-1754.

Preparation 6

To a solution ofdl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-amino-3-cyano4,5-dimethylpyrrole¹ (14.9 g, 62.5mmol) and pyridine (10.0 mL) in dichloromethane (50.0 mL) was addedbenzoyl chloride (9.37 g, 66.7 mmol) at 0° C. After stirring at 0° C.for 1 hr, hexane (10.0 mL) was added to help precipitation of product.Solvent was removed in vacuo and the solid was recrystallized fromEtOH/H₂O to give 13.9 g (65%) ofdl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-phenylcarbonylamino-3-cyano-4,5-dimethylpyrrole.mp 218-221° C.; ¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.72 (s, 3H), 1.76 (d, J=7.3Hz, 3H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 5.52 (q, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.14-7.54 (m, 9H),7.68-7.72 (dd, J=1.4 Hz, 6.9 Hz, 2H), 10.73 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 344.4(M⁺+1).

¹ Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1986, 1485-1505.

The following compounds were obtained in a similar manner as that of

Preparation 6

dl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)carbonylamino-3-cyano-4,5-dimethylpyrrole.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.83 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 2.12 (s,3H), 5.50 (q, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.14-7.42 (m, 5H), 8.08 (m, 2H), 8.75 (m,3H); MS (ES): 345.2 (M⁺+1).

dl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)carbonylamino-3-cyano-4,5-dimethylpyrrole.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.84 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 3H), 1.92 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s,3H), 5.49 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (dd, J=1.8 Hz, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12-7.47(m, 7H); MS (ES): 334.2 (M⁺+1), 230.1.

dl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-(3-furyl)carbonylamino-3-cyano-4,5-dimethylpyrrole.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.80 (d, J=7 Hz 3H), 1.89 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s,3H), 5.48 (q, J=7 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 7.12-7.40 (m, 6H), 7.93 (s,1H); MS (ES): 334.1 (M⁺+1), 230.0.

dl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-cyclopentylcarbonylamino-3-cyano-4,5-dimethylpyrrole.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.82 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 3H), 1.88 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s,3H), 1.63-1.85 (m, 8H), 2.63 (m, 1H), 5.43 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s,1H), 7.05-7.20 (m, 5H); MS (ES): 336.3 (M⁺+1).

dl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-(2-thieyl)carbonylamino-3-cyano-4,5-dimethylpyrrole,¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.82 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s,3H), 5.49 (q, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.05-7.55 (m, 8H); MS (ES): 350.1 (M⁺+1),246.0.

dl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-(3-thienyl)carbonylamino-3-cyano-4,5-dimethylpyrrole.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.83 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 2.12 (s,3H), 5.49 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.36 (m, 6H), 7.79 (m,1H); MS (ES): 350.2 (M⁺+1), 246.1.

dl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)carbonylamino-3-cyano-4,5-dimethylpyrrole.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.83 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 3H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s,3H), 5.51 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.55 (m, 9H); MS (ES): 362.2 (M⁺+1),258.1.

dl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)carbonylamino-3-cyano-4,5-dimethylpyrrole.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.83 (d, J=7.4 Hz 3H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 2.10(s,3H), 5.50 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.05-7.38 (m, 7H), 7.67-7.74 (m, 2H); MS(ES): 362.2 (M⁺+1), 258.1.

dl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)carbonylamino-3-cyano-4,5-dimethylpyrrole.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.85 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.94 (s, 3H), 2.11 (s,3H), 5.50 (q, J=7.2 hz, 1H), 7.12-7.35 (m, 6H), 7.53 (m, 1H), 7.77 (m,1H), 8.13 (m, 1H); MS (ES): 362.2(M⁺+1), 258.0.

dl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-isoproylcarbonylamino-3-cyano-4,5-dimethylpyrrole.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.19 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H), 1.82(d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H),1.88 (s, 3H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 2.46 (m, 1H), 5.39 (m, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.64(s, 1H), 7.11-7.36 (m, 5H); MS (ES): 310.2 (M⁺+1), 206.1.

In the case of acylation ofdl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-amino-3-cyano-4-methylpyrrole, monoacylateddl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-benzoylamino-3-cyano-4-dimethylpyrrole anddiacylated pyrroledl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-dibenzoylamino-3-cyano-4-methylpyrrole wereobtained. Monoacylated pyrrole: ¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.69 (d, 2H,J=7.8 Hz, Ar—H), 7.58-7.12 (m, 8H, Ar—H), 6.18 (s, 1H, pyrrole-H), 5.52(q, 1H, J=7.2 Hz, CH—CH₃), 2.05 (s, 3H, pyrrole-CH₃), 1.85 (d, 3H, J=7.2Hz, CH—CH ₃); MS (ES): 330.2 (M⁺+1); Diacylated pyrrole: ¹H NMR (200MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.85 (d, 2H, J=7.7 Hz, Ar—H), 7.74 (d, 2H, J=7.8 Hz, Ar—H),7.52-7.20 (m, 9H, Ar—H), 7.04 (m, 2H, Ar—H), 6.21 (s, 1H, pyrrole-H),5.52 (q, 1H, J=7.2 Hz, CH-CH₃), 1.77 (d, 3H, J=7.2 Hz, CH—CH ₃), 1.74(s, 3H, pyrrole-CH₃); MS (ES): 434.1 (M⁺+1).

Preparation 7

To a solution ofdl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-phenylcarboxyamido-3-cyano-4,5-dimethylpyrrole(1.0 g, 2.92 mmol) in methanol (10.0 mL) was added concentrated sulfuricacid (1.0 mL) at 0° C. The resulted mixture was refluxed for 15 hr andcooled down to room temperature. The precipitate was filtered to give0.48 g (48%) ofdl-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ2.02 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s,3H), 6.25 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.50 (m, 9H), 8.07-8.12 (dd, J=3.4 Hz,6.8 Hz, 2H), 10.51 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 344.2 (M⁺+1).

The following compounds were obtained in a similar manner as that ofPreparation 7:

dl-5,6-dimethyl-2-(3-pyridyl)-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ2.03 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s,3H), 6.24 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.09-7.42 (m, 5H), 8.48 (m, 2H), 8.70 (m,3H); MS (ES): 345.1 (M⁺+1).

dl-5,6-dimethyl-2-(2-furyl)-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.98 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s,3H), 6.12 (q, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (dd, J=1.8 Hz, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.17-7.55(m, 7H), 9.6 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 334.2 (M⁺+1).

dl-5,6-dimethyl-2-(3-furyl)-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.99 (d, J=7 Hz, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s,3H), 6.24 (q, J=7 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 7.18-7.32 (m, 5H), 7.48 (s,1H), 8.51 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 334.2 (M⁺+1).

dl-5,6-dimethyl-2-cyclopentyl-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.95 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s,3H), 1.68-1.88 (m, 8H), 2.97 (m, 1H), 6.10 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.30(m, 5H), 9.29 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 336.3 (M⁺+1).

dl-5,6-dimethyl-2-(2-thienyl)-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one.1H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ2.02(d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s,3H). 6.13 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (dd, J=4.8, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.32 (m,5H), 7.44 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H) 11.25 (s, 1H); MS(ES): 350.2 (M⁺+1).

dl-5,6-dimethyl-2-(3-thienyl)-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ2.00 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s,3H), 6.24(q, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.33 (m, 5H), 7.33-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.85(m, 1H), 8.47 (m, 1H), 12.01 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 350.2 (M⁺+1).

dl-5,6-dimethyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ2.01 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s,3H), 6.26 (q, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.12-7.36 (m, 7H), 8.23-8.30 (m, 2H), 11.82(s, 1H); MS (ES): 362.3 (M⁺+1).

dl-5,6-dimethyl-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ2.02 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 3H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 2.44 (s,3H), 6.29 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.13-7.51(m, 7H), 8.00-8.04 (m, 2H), 11.72(s, 1H); MS (ES): 362.2 (M⁺+1).

dl-5,6-dimethyl-2-(2-fluorophenyl)-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ2.00(d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s,3H), 6.24 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.45 (m, 8 H), 8.21 (m, 1H), 9.54 (s,1H); MS (ES): 362.2 (M⁺+1).

dl-5,6-dimethyl-2-isopropyl-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.30 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.32 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H),2.01 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.90 (m, 1H), 6.13 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.34 (m,5H), 10.16 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 310.2 (M⁺+1).

Preparation 8

A solution ofdl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-benzoylamino-3-cyano-4-dimethylpyrrole (785 mg,2.38 mmol) with concentrated H₂SO₄ (1 mL) in DMF (13 mL) was stirred at130° C. for 48 h. The black solution was diluted with CHCl₃ (100 mL) andwashed with 1 N NaOH (30 mL), and brine (30 mL). The organic fractionwas dried, filtered, concentrated, and purified by flash chromatography(SiO₂; 8/2 EtOAc/Hex, R_(f) 0.35) to a brown solid (184 mg, 24%) asdl-5-methyl-2-phenyl-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ8.18 (m, 2H, Ar—H), 7.62-7.44 (m, 3H, Ar—H),7.40-7.18 (m, 5H, Ar—H), 6.48 (s, 1H, pyrrole-H), 6.28 (q, 1H, J=7.2 Hz,CH—CH₃), 2.18 (s, 3H, pyrrole-CH₃), 2.07 (d, 3H, J=7.2 Hz, CH—CH ₃); MS(ES): 330.2 (M⁺+1).

Preparation 9

A mixture of dl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-2-amino-3-cyano-4,5-dimethylpyrrole(9.60 g, 40.0 mmol) and of formic acid (50.0 mL, 98%) was refluxed for 5hr. After cooling down to room temperature and scratching the sides offlask, copious precipitate was formed and filtered. The material waswashed with water until washings showed neutral pH to givedl-5,6-dimethyl-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. ¹HNMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.96 (d, J=7.4 hz, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s,3H), 6.21 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.11-7.35 (m, 5H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 11.71 (s,1H); MS (ES): 268.2 (M⁺+1).

Preparation 10

dl-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one(1.0 g, 2.91 mmol) was suspended in polyphosphoric acid (30.0 mL). Themixture was heated at 100° C. for 4 hr. The hot suspension was pouredonto ice water, stirred vigorously to disperse suspension, and basifiedto pH 6 with solid KOH. The resulting solid was filtered and collectedto give 0.49 g (69%) of5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. ¹H NMR (200MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ2.17 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 7.45 (br, 3H), 8.07 (br,2H,), 11.49 (s, 1H), 11.82 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 344.2 (M⁺+1).

The following compounds were obtained in a similar manner as that ofPreparation 10:

5-methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. MS (ES): 226.0(M⁺+1).

5,6-dimethyl-2-(3-pyridyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. MS (ES):241.1 (M⁺+1).

5,6-dimethyl-2-(2-furyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. ¹H NMR(200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ2.13 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 6.39 (dd, J=1.8, 3.6 Hz,1H), 6.65 (dd, J=1.8 Hz, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (dd, J=1.8, 3.6 Hz, 1H,),11.45 (s, 1H), 11.60 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 230.1 (M⁺+1).

5,6-dimethyl-2-(3-furyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. ¹H NMR(200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ2.14 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s,1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 11.3 (s, 1H), 11.4 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 230.1 (M⁺+1).

5,6-dimethyl-2-cyclopentyl -7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. ¹H NMR(200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ1.57-1.91 (m, 8 H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.99(m, 1H), 11.24 (s, 1H), 11.38 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 232.2 (M⁺+1).

5,6-dimethyl-2-(2-thienyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. ¹H NMR(200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ2.14 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 7.14 (dd, J=3.0, 5.2 Hz,1H), 7.70 (d, J=5.2 Hz 1H), 8.10 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 11.50 (s, 1H); MS(ES): 246.1 (M⁺+1).

5,6-dimethyl-2-(3-thienyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. ¹H NMR(200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ2.17 (s, 3H), 2.21(s, 3H), 7.66(m, 1H), 7.75 (m,1H), 8.43 (m, 1H), 11.47 (s, 1H), 11.69 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 246.1 (M⁺+1).

5,6-dimethyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. ¹HNMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ2.17 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 7.31 (m, 2H), 8.12(m, 2H), 11.47 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 258.2 (M⁺+1).

5,6-dimethyl-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. ¹HNMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ2.18 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 7.33 (m, 1H), 7.52(m, 1H), 7.85-7.95 (m, 2H), 11.56 (s, 1H), 11.80 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 258.1(M⁺+1).

5,6-dimethyl-2-(2-fluorophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. ¹HNMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ2.18 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 7.27-7.37 (m, 2H),7.53 (m 1H), 7.68 (m, 1H), 11.54 (s, 1H), 11.78 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 258.1(M⁺+1).

5,6-dimethyl-2-isopropyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. ¹H NMR(200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ1.17 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H),2.81 (m, 1H), 11.20 (s, 1H), 11.39 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 206.1 (M⁺+1).

5,6-dimethyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. ¹H NMR (200 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ2.13 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 7.65 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 164.0(M⁺+1).

Preparation 11

A solution of 5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one(1.0 g, 4.2 mmol) in phosphorus oxychloride (25.0 mL) was refluxed for 6hr and then concentrated in vacuo to dryness. Water was added to theresidue to induce crystallization and the resulting solid was filteredand collected to give 0.90 g (83%) of4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine. ¹H NMR (200MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ2.33 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 7.46-7.49 (m, 3H), 8.30-8.35(m, 2H), 12.20 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 258.1 (M⁺+1).

The following compounds were obtained in a similar manner as that ofPreparation 11:

4-chloro-5-methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine. MS (ES): 244.0(M⁺+1).

4-chloro-6-methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine. MS (ES): 244.0(M⁺+1).

4-chloro-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine. ¹H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d6)8.35 (2, 2H), 7.63 (br s, 1H), 7.45 (m, 3H), 6.47 (br s, 1H); MS (ES):230.0 (M⁺+1).

4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-(3-pyridyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine. MS (ES):259.0 (M⁺+1).

4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-(2-furyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine. ¹H NMR(200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ2.35 (s, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 6.68 (dd, J=1.8, 3.6 Hz,1H), 7.34 (dd, J=1.8 Hz, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (dd, J=1.8, 3.6 Hz, 1H); MS(ES): 248.0 (M⁺+1).

4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-(3-furyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine. ¹H NMR(200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ2.31 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s,1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 12.02 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 248.1 (M⁺+1

4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-cyclopentyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine. ¹H NMR(200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ1.61-1.96 (m, 8H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 3.22(m, 1H), 11.97 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 250.1 (M⁺+1).

4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-(2-thienyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine. ¹H NMR(200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ2.29 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 7.14 (dd, J=3.1 Hz, 4.0Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=3.1 Hz, 1H), 12.19 (s, 1H);MS (ES): 264.1 (M⁺+1).

4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-(3-thienyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine. ¹H NMR(200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ2.32 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 7.62 (dd, J=3.0, 5.2 Hz,1H), 7.75 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H); MS (ES): 264.0(M⁺+1).

4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine. ¹HNMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ2.33 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 7.30 (m, 2H), 8.34(m, 2H), 12.11 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 276.1. (M⁺+1).

4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine. ¹HNMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ2.31 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 7.29(m, 1H), 7.52(m, 1H), 7.96 (m, 1H), 8.14(m, 1H), 11.57 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 276.1(M⁺+1).

4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-(2-fluorophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine. ¹HNMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ2.34 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 7.33 (m, 2H), 7.44(m, 1H), 7.99 (m, 1H), 12.23 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 276.1 (M⁺+1).

4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-isopropyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine. ¹H NMR(200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ1.24 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H),3.08 (q, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 11.95 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 224.0 (M⁺+1).

4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine. ¹H NMR (200 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ2.31 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 8.40 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 182.0(M⁺+1).

dl-4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

Preparation 12

To a solution of dl-1,2-diaminopropane (1.48 g, 20.0 mmol) and sodiumcarbonate (2.73 g, 22.0 mmol) in dioxane (100.0 mL) and water (100.0 mL)was added di-tert-dicarbonate (4.80 g, 22.0 mmol) at room temperature.The resulted mixture was stirred for 14 hr. Dioxane was removed invacuo. The precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was triturated with EtOAcand then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness togive a mixture of dl-1-amino-2-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonylamino-propaneand dl-2-amino-1-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonylamino-propane which werenot separable by normal chromatography method. The mixture was used forthe reaction in Example 8.

Preparation 13

To solution of Fmoc-β-Ala-OH (1.0 g, 3.212 mmol) and oxalyl chloride(0.428 g, 0.29 mL, 3.373 mmol) in dichloromethane (20.0 mL) was added afew drops of N,N-dimethylformamide at 0° C. The mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 1 hr followed by addition of cyclopropylmethylamine(0.229 g, 0.28 mL, 3.212 mmol) and triethylamine (0.65 g, 0.90 mL, 6.424mmol). After 10 min, the mixture was treated with 1 M hydrochloride(10.0 mL) and the aqueous mixture was extracted with dichloromethane(3×30.0 mL). The organic solution was concentrated in vacuo to dryness.The residue was treated with a solution of 20% piperidine inN,N-dimethylforamide (20.0 mL) for 0.5 hr. After removal of the solventin vacuo, the residue was treated with 1 M hydrochloride (20.0 mL) andethyl acetate (20.0 mL). The mixture was separated and the aqueous layerwas basified with solid sodium hydroxide to pH=8. The precipitate wasremoved by filtration and the aqueous solution was subjected to ionexchange column eluted with 20% pyridine to give 0.262 g (57%) ofN-cyclopropylmethyl β-alanine amide. ¹H NMR (200 MHz, CD₃OD) δ0.22 (m,2H), 0.49 (m, 2H), 0.96 (m, 2H), 2.40 (t, 2H), 2.92 (t, 2H), 3.05 (d,2H); MS (ES): 143.1 (M⁺+1).

Preparation 14

N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-trans-1,4-cyclohexyldiamine.

trans-1,4-cyclonexyldiamine (6.08 g, 53.2 mmol) was dissolved indichloromethane (100 mL). A solution of di-t-butyldicarbonate (2.32 g,10.65 mmol in 40 mL dichloromethane) was added via cannula. After 20hours, the reaction was partitioned between CHCl₃ and water. The layerswere separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CHCl₃ (3×). Thecombined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentratedto yield 1.20 g of a white solid (53%). ¹H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃):δ1.0-1.3 (m, 4H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.8-2.1 (m, 4H), 2.62 (brm, 1H), 3.40(brs, 1H), 4.37 (brs, 1H0; MS (ES): 215.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(N-acetyl)-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-trans-1,4-cyclohexyldiamine.

N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-trans-1,4-cyclohexyldiamine (530 mg, 2.47 mmol)was dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL). Acetic anhydride (250 mg, 2.60mmol) was added dropwise. After 16 hours, the reaction was diluted withwater and CHCl₃. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer wasextracted with CHCl₃ (3×).). The combined organic layers were dried overMgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. Recrystallization (EtOH/H₂O) yielded190 mg of white crystals (30%). ¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃): δ0.9-1.30 (m,4H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.96-2.10 (m, 7H), 3.40 (brs, 1H), 3.70 (brs, 1H),4.40 (brs, 1H), 4.40 (brs, 1H); MS (ES): 257.2 (M⁺+1), 242.1 (M⁺−15),201.1 (M⁺−56).

4-(4-trans-acetamidocyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

4-(N-acetyl)-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-trans-1,4-cyclohexyldiamine (190 mg,0.74 mmol), was dissolved in dichloromethane (5 mL) and diluted with TFA(6 ml). After 16 hours, the reaction was concentrated. The crude solid,DMSO (2 mL), NaHCO₃ (200 mg, 2.2 mmol) and4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine (35 mg, 0.14mmol) were combined in a flask and heated to 130° C. After 4.5 hours,the reaction was cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc andwater. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extractedwith EtOAc (3×). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄,filtered and concentrated. Chromatography (silica preparatory plate;20:1 CHCl₃:EtOH) yielded 0.3 mg of a tan solid (1% yield). MS (ES):378.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(N-methanesulfonyl)-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-trans-1,4-cyclohexyldiamine.

trans-1,4-cyclohexyldiamine (530 mg, 2.47 mmol) was dissolved indichloromethane (20 ml) and diluted with pyridine (233 mg, 3.0 mmol).Methanesulfonyl chloride (300 mg, 2.60 mmol) was added dropwise. After16 hours, the reaction was diluted with water and CHCl₃. The layers wereseparated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CHCl₃ (3×). Thecombined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated. recrystallization (EtOH/H₂O) yielded 206 mg of whitecrystals (29%). ¹H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃): δ1.10-1.40 (m, 4H), 1.45 (s,9H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 4H), 2.98 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.50 (brs, 2H), 4.37 (brs,1H); MS (ES) 293.1 (M⁺+1), 278.1 (M⁺−15), 237.1 (M⁺−56).

4-(4-trans-methanesulfamidocyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

4-(N-sulfonyl)-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-trans-1,4-cyclohexyldiamine (206mg, 0.71 mmol), was dissolved in dichloromethane (5 ml) and diluted withTFA (6 ml). After 16 hours, the reaction was concentrated. The crudereaction mixture, DMSO (2 ml), NaHCO₃ (100 mg, 1.1 mmol) and1-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine were combinedin a flask and heated to 130° C. After 15 hours, the reaction was cooledto room temperature, and diluted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organiclayers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. Chromatography(silica preparatory plate, 20:1 CHCl₃/EtOH) yielded 2.6 mg of a tansolid (5% yield). MS (ES): 414.2 (M⁺+1).

EXAMPLE 1

A solution of 4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine(0.50 g, 1.94 mmol) and 4-trans-hydroxycyclohexylamine (2.23 g, 19.4mmol) in methyl sulfoxide (10.0 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 5 hr.After cooling down to room temperature, water (10.0 mL) was added andthe resulted aqueous solution was extracted with EtOAc (3×10.0 mL). Thecombined EtOAc solution was dried (MgSO₄) and filtered, the filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo to dryness, the residue was chromatographed onsilica gel to give 0.49 g (75%) of4-(4-trans-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.mp 197-199° C.; ¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.25-1.59 (m, 8H), 2.08 (s,3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 3.68-3.79 (m, 1H), 4.32-4.38 (m, 1H), 4.88 (d, J=8Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.49 (m, 3H), 8.40-8.44 (dd, J=2.2, 8 Hz, 2H), 10.60 (s,1H); MS (ES): 337.2 (M⁺+1).

The following compounds were obtained in a similar manner to that ofExample 1:

4-4-trans-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-6-methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ11.37 (s, 1H, pyrrole-NH), 8.45 (m, 2H, Ar—H),7.55 (m, 3H, Ar—H), 6.17 (s, 1H, pyrrole-H), 4.90 (br d, 1H, NH), 4.18(m, 1H, CH—O), 3.69 (m, 1H, CH—N), 2.40-2.20 (m, 2H), 2.19-1.98 (m, 2H),2.25 (s, 3H, CH3) 1.68-1.20 (m, 4H); MS (ES): 323.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(4-trans-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-5-methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ11.37 (s, 1H, pyrrole-NH), 8.40 (m, 2H, Ar—H),7.45 (m, 3H, Ar—H), 5.96 (s, 1H, pyrrole-H), 4.90 (br d, 1H, NH), 4.18(m, 1H, CH—O), 3.69 (m, 1H, CH—N), 2.38-2.20 (m, 2H), 2.18-1.98 (m, 2H),2.00 (s, 3H, CH3) 1.68-1.20 (m, 4H); MS (ES): 323.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(4-trans-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.mp 245.5-246.5° C.; ¹H NMR (200 MHz, CD₃OD) δ8.33 (m, 2H, Ar—H), 7.42(m, 3H, Ar—H), 7.02 (d, 1H, J=3.6 Hz, pyrolle-H), 6.53 (d, 1H, J=3.6 Hz,pyrolle-H), 4.26 (m, 1H, CH—O), 3.62 (m, 1H, CH—N), 2.30-2.12 (m, 2H),2.12-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.34 (m, 4H); MS, M+1=309.3; Anal (C₁₈H₂₀N₄O) C,H, N.

4-(4-trans-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-(3-pyridyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.21-1.54 (m, 8H); 2.28 (s, 3H); 2.33 (s, 3H);3.70 (m, 1H), 4.31(m, 1H), 4.89 (d, 1 H), 7.40 (m, 1H), 8.61 (m, 2H),9.64 (m, 1H); MS (ES): 338.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(4-trans-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-(2-furyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.26-1.64(m, 8H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H),3.72(m, 1H), 4.23 (m, 1H), 4.85 (d, 1H), 6.52(m, 1H), 7.12 (m, 1H), 7.53(m, 1H), 9.28 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 327.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(4-trans-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-(3-furyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.25-1.63 (m, 8H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H),3.71 (m, 1H) 4.20 (m, 1H) 4.84 (d, 1H), 7.03 (m, 1H), 7.45(m, 1H),8.13(m, 1H), 10.38 (m, 1H); MS (ES): 327.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(4-trans-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-cyclopentyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.26-2.04 (m, 16H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H),3.15(m, 1H), 3.70 (m, 1H), 4.12 (m, 1H), 4.75(d, 1H); MS (ES): 329.2(M⁺+1).

4-(4-trans-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-(2-thienyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4-amine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.28-1.59 (m, 8H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H),3.74 (m, 1H), 4.19 (m, 1H), 4.84 (d, 1H), 7.09 (m, 1H), 7.34 (m, 1H),7.85 (m, 1H), 9.02 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 343.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(4-trans-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-(3-thienyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.21-1.60 (m, 8H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H),3.66 (m, 1H), 4.22 (m, 1H), 7.27 (m, 1H), 7.86 (m, 1H), 8.09 (m, 1H),11.23 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 343.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(4-trans-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.26-1.66 (m, 8H), 1.94 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H),3.73 (m, 1H), 4.33 (m, 1H), 4.92 (d, 1H), 7.13 (m, 2H), 8.41 (m, 2H),11.14 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 355.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(4-trans-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.26-1.71 (m, 8H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H),3.72 (m, 1H), 4.30 (m, 1H), 4.90 (d, 1H), 7.09 (m, 1H), 7.39 (m, 1H),8.05 (m, 1H), 8.20 (m, 1H), 10.04 (s. 1H); MS (ES): 355.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(4-trans-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-(2-fluorophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.30-1.64 (m, 8H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H),3.73 (m, 1H), 4.24 (m, 1H), 4.82 (d, 1H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 8.18 (m, 1H),9.02 (m, 1H), 12.20 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 355.3 (M⁺+1).

4-(4-trans-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-isopropyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.31 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H), 1.30-1.65 (m, 8H), 2.27(s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 3.01 (m, J=7.0 Hz 1H), 3.71 (m, 1H), 4.14 (m,1H), 4.78 (d, 1H); MS (ES): 303.2.

dl-4-(2-trans-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-isopropyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃)d 1.31-1.42 (br, 4H), 1.75-1.82 (br, 4H), 2.02(s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 3.53 (m, 1H), 4.02 (m, 1H), 5.08 (d, 1H),7.41-7.48 (m, 3H), 8.30 (m, 2H), 10.08 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 337.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(3,4-trans-dihydroxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 353.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(3,4-cis-dihydroxylcyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 353.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(2-acetylamninoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.mp 196-199° C.; ¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.72 (s, 3H), 1.97 (s, 3H),2.31 (s, 3H), 3.59 (m, 2H), 3.96 (m, 2H), 5.63 (br, 1H), 7.44-7.47 (m,3H), 8.36-8.43 (dd, J=1 Hz, 7 Hz, 2H), 10.76 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 324.5(M⁺+1).

dl-4-(2-trans-hydroxycyclopentyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹

¹ For preparation of 2-trans-hydroxycyclopentylamine, see PCT 9417090.

¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.62 (m, 2H), 1.79 (br, 4H), 1.92 (s, 3H), 2.29(s, 3H), 4.11 (m, 1H), 4.23 (m, 1H), 5.28 (d, 1H), 7.41-7.49 (m, 3H),8.22 (m, 2H), 10.51 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 323.2 (M⁺+1).

dl-4-(3-trans-hydroxycyclopentyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹

¹ For preparation of 3-trans-hydroxycyclopentylamine, see EP-A-322242.

¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.58-1.90 (br, 6H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H),4.48-4.57 (m, 1H), 4.91-5.01 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.46 (m, 3H), 8.42-8.47 (m,2H), 10.11 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 323.2 (M⁺+1).

dl-4-(3-cis-hydroxycyclopentyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹

¹ For preparation of 3-cis-hydroxycyclopentylamine, see EP-A-322242.

¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.82-2.28 (br, 6H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H),4.53-4.60 (m, 1H), 4.95-5.08 (m, 1H), 5.85-5.93 (d, 1H), 7.35-7.47 (m,3H), 8.42-8.46 (m, 2H), 10.05 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 323.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(3,4-trans-dihydroxycyclopentyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.92-1.99 (br, 2H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.20 (br,2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.41-2.52 (br, 2H), 4.35 (m, 2H), 4.98 (m, 2H),7.38-7.47 (m, 3H), 8.38-8.42 (m, 2H), 9.53 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 339.2(M⁺+1).

¹ For preparation of 3,4-trans-dihydroxycyclopentylamine, seePCT-9417090.

4-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ2.02 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.71 (t, 2H), 4.18(m, 2H), 5.75-5.95 (m, 3H), 7.38-7.48 (m, 3H), 8.37-8.41 (m, 2H), 10.42(s, 1H); MS (ES):310.1 (M⁺+1).

4-(3-N-cyclopropylmethylamino-3-oxopropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CD₃OD) δ0.51 (q, 2H), 0.40 (q, 2H), 1.79-1.95 (br, 1H),2.36 (s, 3H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.72 (t, 2H), 2.99 (d, 2H), 4.04 (t, 2H),7.58-7.62 (m, 3H), 8.22-8.29 (m, 2H); MS (ES): 364.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine¹H NMR (200 MHz, CD₃OD) δ2.31 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 4.26 (s, 2H), 7.36(m, 3H), 8.33 (m, 2H); MS (ES): 396.1 (M⁺+1).

4-(2-N-methylamino-2-oxoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.99 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.82 (d, 3H), 4.39(d, 2H), 5.76 (t, 1H), 6.71 (br, 1H), 7.41-7.48 (m, 3H), 8.40 (m, 2H),10.66 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 310.1 (M⁺+1).

4-(3-tert-butyloxyl-3-oxopropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.45 (s, 9H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.71(t, 2H), 4.01 (q, 2H), 5.78 (t, 1H), 7.41-7.48 (m, 3H), 8.22-8.29 (m,2H); MS (ES): 367.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrmidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.92 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 3.81-3.98 (br, 4H),5.59 (t, 1H), 7.39-7.48 (m, 3H), 8.37 (m, 2H), 10.72 (s, 1H); MS (ES):283.1 (M⁺+1).

4-(3-hydroxypropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.84 (m, 2H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 3.62(t, 2H), 3.96 (m, 2H), 3.35 (t, 1H), 7.39-7.48 (m, 3H), 8.36 (m, 2H),10.27 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 297.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(4-hydroxybutyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.71-1.82 (m, 4H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H),3.68-3.80 (m, 4H), 5.20 (t, 1H), 7.41-7.49 (m, 3H), 8.41 (m, 2H), 10.37(s, 1H); MS (ES): 311.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(4-trans-acetylaminocyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

4-(4-trans-methylsulfonylaminocyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

4-(2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

4-(4-trans-hydoxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

4-(3-pyridylmethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

4-(2-methylpropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-7-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.

EXAMPLE 2

To a stirred suspension of triphenylphosphine (0.047 g, 0.179 mmol) andbenzoic acid (0.022 g, 0.179 mmol) in THF (1.0 mL) cooled to 0° C. wasadded4-(4-trans-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine(0.05 g, 0.149 mmol) at 0° C. Diethyl azodicarboxylate (0.028 ml, 0.179mmol) was then added dropwise over 10 minutes. The reaction was thenallowed to warm to room temperature. After reaction was complete by TLCthe reaction mixture was quenched with aqueous sodium bicarbonate (3.0mL). The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with ether (2×5.0mL). The organic extracts were combined, dried, and concentrated invacuo to dryness. To the residue was added ether (2.0 mL) and hexane(5.0 mL) whereupon the bulk of the triphenylphosphine oxide was filteredoff. Concentration of the filtrate gave a viscous oil which was purifiedby column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to give 5.0 mg(7.6%) of4-(4-cis-benzoyloxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 441.3 (M⁺+1). The reaction also produced 50.0 mg (84%) of4-(3-cyclohexenyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 319.2 (M⁺+1).

EXAMPLE 3

To a solution of4-(4-cis-benzoyloxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine(5.0 mg, 0.0114 mmol) in ethanol (1.0 mL) was added 10 drops of 2Msodium hydroxide. After 1 hr, the reaction mixture was extracted withethyl acetate (3×5.0 mL) and the organic layer was dried, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was subjected to columnchromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to give 3.6 mg (94%) of4-(4-cis-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 337.2 (M⁺+1).

The following compounds were obtained in a similar manner as that ofExample 3:

4-(3-N,N-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ2.01 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.73 (t, 2H), 2.97(s, 6H), 4.08 (m, 2H), 6.09 (t, 1H), 7.41-7.48 (m, 3H), 8.43 (m, 2H),10.46 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 338.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(2-formylaminoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ2.26 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 3.59-3.78 (m, 2H),3.88-4.01 (m, 2H), 5.48-5.60 (m, 1H), 7.38-7.57 (m, 3H), 8.09 (s, 1H),8.30-8.45 (m, 2H), 8.82 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 310.1 (M⁺+1).

4-(3-acetylaminopropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 338.2 (M⁺+1).

EXAMPLE 4

4-(3-tert-butyloxy-3-oxopropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine(70.0 mg, 0.191 mmol)) was dissolved in trifluoroaceticacid:dichloromethane (1:1, 5.0 mL). The resulting solution was stirredat room temperature for 1 hr. and then refluxed for 2 hr. After coolingdown to room temperature, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo todryness. The residue was subjected to preparative thin layerchromatography (EtOAc:hexane:AcOH=7:2.5:0.5) to give 40.0 mg (68%) of.4-(3-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CD₃OD) δ2.32 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.81 (t, 2H), 4.01(t, 2H), 7.55 (m, 3H), 8.24 (m, 2H); MS (ES): 311.1 (M⁺+1).

The following compound was obtained in a similar manner as that ofExample 4:

4-(3-aminopropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 296.1 (M⁺+1), 279.1 (M⁺−NH₃).

EXAMPLE 5

4-(3-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine(50.0 mg, 0.161 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture ofN,N-dimethylformamide (0.50 mL), dioxane (0.50 mL) and water (0.25 mL).To this solution was added methylamine (0.02 mL, 40% wt in water, 0.242mmol), triethylamine (0.085 mL) and N,N,N′N′-tetramethyl uroniumtetrafluoroborate (61.2 mg, 0.203 mmol). After stirring at roomtemperature for 10 min, the solution was concentrated and the residuewas subjected to preparative thin layer chromatography (EtOAc) to give35.0 mg (67%) of4-(3-N-methyl-3-oxopropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.92 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.65 (t, 2H), 4.08(t, 2H), 5.90 (t, 1H), 6.12 (m, 1H), 7.45 (m, 3H), 8.41 (m, 2H), 10.68(s, 1H); MS (ES): 311.1 (M⁺+1).

The following compounds were obtained in a similar manner as that ofExample 5:

4-(2-cyclopropanecarbonylaminoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 350.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(2-isobutyrylaminoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 352.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(3-propionylaminopropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.00-1.08 (t, 3H), 1.71-2.03 (m, 4H), 2.08 (s,3H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 3.26-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.79-3.96 (m, 2H), 5.53-5.62 (m,1H), 6.17-6.33 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.57 (m, 3H), 8.31-8.39 (m, 2H), 9.69 (s,1H); MS (ES): 352.2 (M⁺+1).

4-(2-methylsulfonylaminoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ2.18 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.92 (s, 3H),3.39-3.53 (m, 2H), 3.71-3.88 (m, 2H), 5.31-5.39 (m, 1H), 6.17-6.33 (m,1H), 7.36-7.43 (m, 3H), 8.20-8.25 (m, 2H), 9.52 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 360.2(M⁺+1).

EXAMPLE 6

A mixture of 4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine(0.70 g, 2.72 mmol) and 1,2-diaminoethane (10.0 mL, 150 mmol) wasrefluxed under inert atmosphere for 6 hr. The excess amine was removedin vacuo, the residue was washed sequentially with ether and hexane togive 0.75 g (98%) of4-(2-aminoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES); 282.2 (M⁺+1), 265.1 (M⁺−NH₃).

EXAMPLE 7

To a solution of4-(2-aminoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine(70.0 mg, 0.249 mmol) and triethylamine (50.4 mg, 0.498 mmol) indichloromethane (2.0 mL) was added propionyl chloride (25.6 mg, 0.024mL, 0.274 mmol) at 0° C. After 1 hr, the mixture was concentrated invacuo and the residue was subjected to preparative thin layerchromatography (EtOAc) to give 22.0 mg (26%) of4-(2-propionylaminoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 338.2 (M⁺+1).

The following compounds were obtained in a similar manner as that ofExample 7:

4-(2-N′-methylureaethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ2.13 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 3.53 (d, 3H), 3.55(m, 2H), 3.88 (m, 2H), 4.29 (m, 1H), 5.68 (t, 1H), 5.84 (m, 1H), 7.42(m, 3H), 8.36 (dd, 2H), 9.52 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 339.3 (M⁺+1).

4-(2-N′-ethylureaethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 353.2 (M⁺+1).

EXAMPLE 8

To a solution of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride (41.1 mg, 0.215 mmol), dimethylaminopyridine (2.4 mg,0.020 mmol) and pyruvic acid (18.9 mg, 0.015 mL, 0.215 mmol) indichloromethane (2.0 mL) was added4-(2-aminoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine(55.0 mg, 0.196 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4hr. Usual workup and column chromatography (EtOAc) then gave 10.0 mg(15%) of4-(2′-pyruvylamidoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 352.2 (M⁺+1).

EXAMPLE 9

To a solution of4-(2-aminoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine(60.0 mg, 0.213 mmol) in dichloromethane (2.0 mL) was addedN-trimethylsilyl isocyanate (43.3 mg, 0.051 mL, 0.320 mmol). The mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 3 hr followed by addition of aqueoussodium bicarbonate. After filtration through small amount of silica gel,the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness to give 9.8 mg (14%)of4-(2-ureaethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 325.2 (M⁺+1).

The following compounds were obtained in a similar manner as that ofExample 9:

dl-4-(2-acetylaminopropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.28-1.32 (d, J=8 Hz, 3 H), 1.66 (s, 3H), 1.96(s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H) 3.76-3.83 (m, 2H), 4.10-4.30 (m, 1H), 5.60-5.66(t, J=6 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.51 (m, 3H), 8.36-8.43 (m, 2H), 10.83 (s, 1H); MS(ES): 338.2 (M⁺+1).

(R)-4-(2-acetylaminopropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.31 (d, 3H), 1.66 (s, 3H) 1.99 (s, 3H), 2.31(s, 3H), 3.78-3.83 (m, 2H), 4.17-4.22 (m, 1H), 5.67 (t, 1H), 7.38-7.5(m, 3H), 8.39 (m, 2H), 10.81 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 338.2 (M⁺+1).

(R)-4-(1-methyl-2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.41 (d, 3H), 1.68 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.34(s, 3H), 3.46-3.52 (br, m, 2H), 4.73 (m, 1H), 5.22 (d, 1H), 7.41-7.46(m, 3H), 8.36-8.40 (m, 2H), 8.93 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 338.2 (M⁺+1).

(S)-4-(2-acetylaminopropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.31 (d, 3H), 1.66 (s, 3H) 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.35(s, 3H), 3.78-3.83 (m, 2H), 4.17-4.22 (m, 1H), 5.67 (t, 1H), 7.38-7.5(m, 3H), 8.39 (m, 2H), 8.67(s, 1H); MS (ES): 338.2 (M⁺+1).

(S)-4-(1-methyl-2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.41 (d, 3H), 1.68 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 2.32(s, 3H), 3.46-3.52 (m, 2H), 4.73 (m, 1H), 5.22 (d, 1H), 7.41-7.46 (m,3H), 8.36-8.40 (m, 2H), 10.13 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 338.2 (M⁺+1).

EXAMPLE 10

Reaction of 4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidinewith the mixture ofdl-1-amino-2-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonylamino-propane anddl-2-amino-1-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonylamino-propane was run in asimilar manner as that of Example 1. The reaction gave a mixture ofdl-4-(1-methyl-2-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonylamino)ethylamino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidineanddl-4-(2-methyl-2-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonylamino)ethylamino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidinewhich were separated by column chromatography (EtOAc:hexanes=1:3). Thefirst fraction wasdl-4-(1-methyl-2-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonylaminoethyl)amino-5,6dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine:¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.29-1.38 (m, 12 H), 1.95 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H)3.34-3.43 (m, 2H), 4.62-4.70 (m, 1H), 5.36-5.40 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 5.53(br, 1H), 7.37-7.49 (m, 3H), 8.37-8.44(m, 2H), 10.75 (s, 1H). MS 396.3(M⁺+1); The second fraction wasdl-4-(2-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonylaminopropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine:¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.26-1.40 (m, 12H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H)3.60-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.95-4.10 (m, 1H), 5.41-5.44 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H),5.65(br, 1H), 7.40-7.46(m, 3H), 8.37-8.44(m, 2H), 10.89 (s, 1H); MS(ES): 396.2 (M⁺+1).

The following compounds were obtained in a similar manner as that ofExample 10:

(S,S)-4-(2-acetylaminocyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.43 (m, 4 H), 1.60 (s, 3 H), 1.83 (m, 2 H),2.18 (s, 3 H), 2.30 (m, 2 H), 2.32 (s, 3 H), 3.73 (br, 1H), 4.25 (br,1H), 5.29 (d, 1H), 7.43-7.48 (m, 3H), 8.35-8.40 (m, 2H), 9.05 (s, 1H).

4-(2-methyl-2-acetylaminopropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.51 (s, 6H), 1.56 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 2.36(s, 3H), 3.76 (d, 2H), 5.78 (t, 1H), 7.41-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.93 (s, 1H),8.39 (m, 2H), 10.07 (s, 1H); MS (ES): 352.3 (M⁺+1).

EXAMPLE 11

dl-4-(1-methyl-2-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonylaminoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine(60.6 mg, 0.153 mmol) was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL) indichloromethane (2.0 mL) for 14 hr. The organic solvent was removed invacuo to dryness. The residue was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide(2.0 mL) and triethylamine (2.0 mL). To the solution at 0° C. was addedacetic anhydride (17.2 mg, 0.016, 0.169 mmol). The resulted mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 48 hr and then concentrated in vacuo todryness. The residue was subjected to preparative thin layerchromatography (EtOAc) to give 27.0 mg (52%) ofdl-4-(1-methyl-2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.38-1.42 (d, J=8 Hz, 3 H), 1.69 (s, 3H), 2.01(s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H) 3.38-3.60 (m, 2H), 4.65-4.80 (m, 1H), 5.23-5.26(d, J=6 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.51 (m, 3H), 8.37-8.43(m, 2H), 10.44 (s, 1H); MS(ES): 338.2 (M⁺+1).

EXAMPLE 12

(R,R)-4-(2-aminocyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine,prepared in a similar manner as that of Example 1 from4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine (0.15 g, 0.583mmol) and (1R,2R)-(−)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (0.63 g, 5.517 mmol), wastreated with triethylamine (0.726 g, 7.175 mmol) and acetic anhydride(0.325 g, 3.18 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10.0 mL) at roomtemperature for 2 hr. After removal of solvent in vacuo, ethyl acetate(10.0 mL) and water (10.0 mL) were added to the residue. The mixture wasseparated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×10.0mL). The combined ethyl acetate solution was dried (MgSO₄) and filtered.The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness and the residue wassubjected to column chromatography (EtOAc:Hexane=1:1) to give 57.0 mg(26%) of(R,R)-4-(2-acetylaminocyclohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.43 (m, 4H), 1.60 (s, 3 H), 1.84 (m, 2 H),2.22 (s, 3 H), 2.30 (m, 2 H), 2.33 (s, 3 H), 3.72 (br, 1H), 4.24 (br,1H), 5.29 (d, 1H), 7.43-7.48 (m, 3H), 8.35-8.39 (m, 2H), 8.83 (s, 1 H);MS (ES): 378.3 (M⁺+1).

EXAMPLE 13

To a solution of4-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine(40.0 mg, 0.141 mmol) in pyridine (1.0 mL) was added acetic anhydride(0.108 g, 1.06 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 4 hr and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residuewas subjected to preparative thin layer chromatography (EtOAc:hexane=1:1) to give 32.3 mg (71%) of4-(2-acetyloxyethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.90 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 4.05(m, 2H), 4.45 (t, 2H), 5.42 (m, 1H), 7.41-7.49 (m, 3H), 8.42(m, 2H),11.23 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 14

A solution of Fmoc-β-Ala-OH (97.4 mg, 0.313 mmol) and oxalyl chloride(39.7 mg, 27.3 μL, 0.313 mmol) in dichloromethane (4.0 mL) with 1 dropof N,N-dimethylformamide was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hr followed byaddition of4-(2-aminoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine(80.0 mg, 0.285 mmol) and triethylamine (57.6 mg, 79.4 μL, 0.570 mmol)at 0° C. After 3 hr, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and theresidue was treated with the solution of 20% piperidine inN,N-dimethylforamide (2.0 mL) for 0.5 hr. After removal of the solventin vacuo, the residue was washed with diethyl ether:hexane (1:5) to give3.0 mg (3%) of4-(6-amino-3-aza-4-oxohexyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 353.2 (M⁺+1).

EXAMPLE 15

A solution of4-(2-aminoethyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine(70.0 mg, 0.249 mmol) and succinic anhydride (27.0 mg, 0.274 mmol) indichloromethane (4.0 mL) with 1 drop of N,N-dimethylformamide wasstirred at room temperature for 4 hr. The reaction mixture was extractedwith 20% sodium hydroxide (3×5.0 mL). The aqueous solution was acidifiedwith 3 M hydrochloride to pH=7.0. The whole mixture was extracted withethyl acetate (3×10 mL). The combined organic solution was dried (MgSO₄)and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness to give15.0 mg (16%) of4-(7-hydroxy-3-aza-4,7-dioxoheptyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 382.2 (M⁺+1).

EXAMPLE 16

To 10 mL of dimethylformamide (DMF) at room temperature were added 700mg of4-cis-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)amino-2-phenyl-5,6-dimethyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidinefollowed by 455 mg of N-Boc glycine, 20 mg of N,N-dimethylaminopyridine(DMAP), 293 mg of hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT) and 622 mg of1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarboiimide hydrochloride (EDCl). Thereaction mixture was left stirring overnight. DMF was then removed underreduced pressure and the reaction mixture was partitioned between 20 mLof ethyl acetate and 50 mL of water. The aqueous portion was extractedfurther with 2×20 mL of ethyl acetate and the combined organic portionswere washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filteredand concentrated. Purification on silica gel, eluting with ethylacetate/hexane gave 410 mg of the desired product:4-(cis-3-(N-t-butoxycarbonyl-2-aminoacetoxy)cyclopentyl)amino-2-phenyl-5,6,-dimethyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine,MS (ES) (M⁺+1)=480.2. The ester was then treated with 5 ML of 20%trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane at room temperature, left overnight and then concentrated. Trituration with ethyl acetate gave 300 mgof an off white solid;4-(cis-3-(2-aminoacetoxy)cyclopentyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidinetrifluoroacetic acid salt, MS (ES) (M⁺+1)=380.1.

One skilled in the art will appreciate that the following compounds canbe synthesized by the methods disclosed above:

4-(cis-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidineMS (ES) (M⁺+1)=323.1.

4-(cis-3-(2-aminoacetoxy)cyclopentyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidinetrifluoroaceticacid salt MS (ES) (M⁺+1)=380.1.

4-(3-acetamido)piperidinyl-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidineMS (ES) (M⁺+1)=364.2.

4-(2-N′-methylureapropyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine, MS (ES) (M⁺+1)=353.4.

4-(2-acetamidobutyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine,MS (ES) (M⁺+1))=352.4.

4-(2-N′-methylureabutyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidineMS (ES) (M⁺+1)=367.5

4-(2-aminocyclopropylacetamidoethyl)amino-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidineMS (ES) (M⁺+1)=309.1.

4-(trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidineMS (ES) (M⁺+1)=342.8.

4-(trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidineMS (ES) (M⁺+1)=327.2.

4-(trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino-2-(4-pyridyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidineMS (ES) (M⁺+1)=310.2.

EXAMPLE 17 Scheme IX

The pyrrole nitrogen of (7) (Scheme IX) was protected withdi-t-butyldicarbonate under basic conditions to yield the correspondingcarbamate (22). Radical bromination of (22) proceeded regioselectivelyto yield bromide (23). In general, compound (23) served as a keyelectrophilic intermediate for various nucleophilic coupling partners.Displacement of the alkyl bromide with sodium phenolate trihydrateyielded compound (24). Subsequent displacement of the aryl chloride andremoval of the t-butyl carbamate protecting group occurred in one stepyielding desired compound (25).

Detailed Synthesis of Compounds (22)-(25) in Accordance with Scheme IX

Di-t-butyl dicarbonate (5.37 g, 24.6 mmol) and dimethylaminopyridine(1.13 g, 9.2 mmol) were added to a solution containing (7) (1.50 g, 6.15mmol) and pyridine (30 mL). After 20 h the reaction was concentrated andthe residue was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ and water. The CH₂Cl₂ layerwas separated, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated to yield ablack solid. Flash chromatography (SiO₂; 1/9 EtOAc/Hexanes, R_(f) 0.40)yielded 1.70 g (80%) of a white solid (22). ¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃)δ8.50 (m, 2H, Ar—H), 7.45 (m, 3H, Ar—H), 6.39 (s, 1H, pyrrole-H), 2.66(s, 3H, pyrrole-CH₃),

1.76 (s, 9H, carbamate-CH₃); MS, M+1=344.1; Mpt=175-177° C.

N-Bromosuccinimide (508 mg, 2.86 mmol) and AIBN (112 mg, 0.68 mmol) wereadded to a solution containing (22) (935 mg, 2.71 mmol) and CCl₄ (50mL). The solution was heated to reflux. After 2 h the reaction wascooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo to yield a whitesolid. Flash chromatography (SiO₂; 1/1 CH₂Cl₂/Hexanes, R_(f) 0.30)yielded 960 mg (84%)of a white solid (23). ¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ8.52(m, 2H, Ar—H), 7.48 (m, 3H, Ar—H), 6.76 (s, 1H, pyrrole-H), 4.93 (s, 2H,pyrrole-CH₂Br), 1.79 (s, 9H, carbamate-CH₃); MS, M+1=423.9; Mpt=155-157°C.

Sodium phenoxide trihydrate (173 mg, 1.02 mmol) was added in one portionto a solution of bromide (23) (410 mg, 0.97 mmol) dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (5mL) and DMF (10 mL). After 2 h the reaction solution was partitionedbetween CH₂Cl₂ and water. The water layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. Thecombined CH₂Cl₂ layers were washed with water, dried over MgSO₄,filtered and concentrated to yield a yellow solid. Flash chromatography(SiO₂; 1/6 EtOAc/Hexanes, R_(f) 0.30) yielded 210 mg (50%) of a whitesolid (24). ¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ8.53 (m, 2H, Ar—H), 7.48 (m, 3H,Ar—H), 7.34 (m, 2H, Ar—H), 7.03 (m, 3H, Ar—H), 6.83 (s, 1H, pyrrole-H),5.45 (s, 2H, ArCH₂O), 1.76 (s, 9H, carbamate-CH₃); MS, M⁺=436.2.

A solution containing (24) (85 mg, 0.20 mmol), N-acetylethylenediamine(201 mg, 1.95 mmol) and DMSO (3 mL) was heated to 100° C. After 1 h thetemperature was raised to 130° C. After 3 h the reaction was cooled toroom temperature and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The waterlayer was extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined EtOAc layers arewashed with water, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. Flashchromatography (SiO₂; 1/10 EtOH/CHCl₃, R_(f) 0.25) yielded 73 mg (93%)of a white foamy solid (25). ¹H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-_(d6)) δ11.81 (br s,1H, N—H), 8.39 (m, 2H, Ar—H), 8.03 (br t, 1H, N—H), 7.57 (br t, 1H,N—H), 7.20-7.50 (m, 5H, Ar—H), 6.89-7.09 (m, 3H, Ar—H), 6.59 (s, 1H,pyrrole-H), 5.12 (s, 2H, ArCH₂O), 3.61 (m, 2H, NCH₂), 3.36 (m, 2H,NCH₂), 1.79 (s, 3H, COCH₃); MS, M+1=402.6

The following compounds were obtained in a manner similar to that ofExample 17:

4-(2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-6-phenoxymethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.mp 196-197° C.; MS (ES): 401.6 (M⁺+1).

4-(2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-6-(4-fluorophenoxy)methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 420.1 (M⁺+1).

4-(2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-6-(4-chlorophenoxy)methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 436.1 (M⁺+1).

4-(2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-6-(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 432.1 (M⁺+1).

4-(2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-6-(N-pyridin-2-one)methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 403.1 (M⁺+1).

4-(2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-6-(N-phenylamino)methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 400.9 (M⁺+1).

4-(2-acetylaminoethyl)amino-6-(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)methyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS(ES): 414.8 (M⁺+1).

4-(2-N′-methylureaethyl)amino-6-phenoxymethyl-2-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3d]pyrimidine.MS (ES): 416.9 (M⁺+1).

Yeast β-Galactosidase Reporter Gene Assays for Human Adenosine A1 andA2a Receptor

Yeast strains (S. cerevisiae) were transformed with human adenosine A1(A1R; CADUS strain CY12660) or human A2a (A2a; CADUS strain CY8362) andthe addition of a lacZ(β-Galactosidase) reporter gene to utilize as afunctional readout. A complete description of the transformations islisted below (see Yeast Strains). NECA (5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine),a potent adenosine receptor agonist with similar affinity for A1 and A2areceptors, was used as a ligand for all assays. Test compounds wereexamined at 8 concentrations (0.1-10,000 nM) for ability to inhibitNECA-induced β-Galactosidase activity by CY12660 or CY8362.

Preparation of Yeast Slock Cultures. Each of the respective yeaststrains, CY12660 and CY8362, were streaked onto an LT agar plate andincubated at 30° C. until colonies were observed. Yeast from thesecolonies were added to LT liquid (pH 6.8) and grown overnight at 30° C.Each yeast strain was then diluted to an OD₆₀₀=1.0-2.0 (approximately1-2×10⁷ cells/ml), as determined spectrophotometrically (MolecularDevices VMAX). For each 6 ml of yeast liquid culture, 4 ml of 40%glycerol (1:1.5 vol:vol) was added (“yeast/glycerol stock”). From thisyeast/glycerol stock, ten 1 ml aliquots were prepared and stored at −80°C. until required for assay.

Yeast A1R and A2aR Assay. One vial each of CY8362 and CY12660yeast/glycerol stock was thawed and used to inoculate Supplemented LTliquid media, pH 6.8 (92 ml LT liquid, to which is added: 5 ml of 40%glucose, 0.45 ml of 1M KOH and 2.5 ml of Pipes, pH 6.8). Liquid cultureswere grown 16-18 hr (overnight) at 30° C. Aliquots from overnightcultures were then diluted in LT media, containing 4 U/ml adenosinedeaminase (Type VI or VII from calf intestinal mucosa, Sigma), to obtainOD₆₀₀=0.15 (1.5×10⁶ cells/ml) for CY8362 (A2aR) and OD₆₀₀=0.50 (5×10⁶cells/ml) for CY12660 (A1R).

Assays were conducted with a final volume of 100 ul in 96-wellmicrotiter plates, such that a final concentration of 2% DMSO wasachieved in all wells. For primary screening, 1-2 concentrations of testcompounds were utilized (10 uM, 1 μM). For compound profiling, 8concentrations were tested (10000, 1000, 500, 100, 50, 10, 1 and 0.1nM). To each microtiter plate, 10 ul of 20% DMSO was added to “Control”and “Total” wells while 10 ul of Test Compound (in 20% DMSO) was addedto “Unknown” wells. Subsequently, 10 ul of NECA (5 uM for A1R, 1 uM forA2aR) were added to “Total” and “Unknown” wells; 10 ul of PBS was addedto the “Control” wells. In the final addition, 80 ul of yeast strain,CY8362 or CY12660, were added to all wells. All plates were thenagitated briefly (LabLine orbital shaker 2-3 min) and allowed toincubate for 4 hrs. at 30° C. in a dry oven.

β-Galactosidase activity can be quantitated using either colorimetric(e.g., ONPG, CPRG), luminescent (e.g., Galacton-Star) or fluorometricsubstrates (e.g., FDG, Resorufin) substrates. Currently, fluorescencedetection is preferred on the basis of superior signal:noise ratio,relative freedom from interference and low cost. Fluoresceindigalactopyranoside (FDG, Molecular Probes or Marker Gene Technologies),a fluorescent β-Galactosidase substrate, was added to all wells at 20ul/well (final concentration=80 uM). Plates were shaken for 5-6 sec(LabLine orbital shaker) and then incubated at 37° C. for 90 min (95%O₂/5% CO₂ incubator). At the end of the 90 min incubation period,β-Galactosidase activity was stopped using 20 ul/well of 1M Na₂CO₃ andall plates shaken for 5-6 sec. Plates were then agitated for 6 sec andrelative fluorescence intensity determined using a fluorometer (TecanSpectrafluor; excitation=485 nm, emission=535 nm).

Calculations. Relative fluorescence values for “Control” wells wereinterpreted as background and subtracted from “Total” and “Unknown”values. Compound profiles were analyzed via logarithmic transformation(x-axis: compound concentration) followed by one site competition curvefitting to calculate IC₅₀ values (GraphPad Prism).

Yeast strains. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains CY12660 [far1*1442tbt1-1fus1-HIS3 can1 ste14::trp1::LYS2 ste3*1156 gpa1(41)-Gαi3 lys2 ura3leu2 trp1:his3; LEU2 PGKp-Mfα1Leader-hA1R-PHO5term 2mu-orig REP3 Ampr]and CY8362 [gpa1p-rGαsE10K far1*1442 tbt1-1 fus1-HIS3 can1 ste14::trp1:LYS2 ste3*1156 lys2 ura3 leu2 trp1 his3; LEU2 PGKp-hA2aR 2mu-ori REP3Ampr] were developed.

LT Media. LT (Leu-Trp supplemented) media is composed of 100 g DIFCOyeast nitrogen base, supplemented with the following: 1.0 g valine, 1.0g aspartic acid, 0.75 g phenylalanine, 0.9 g lysine, 0.45 g tyrosine,0.45 g isoleucine, 0.3 g methionine, 0.6 g adenine, 0.4 g uracil, 0.3 gserine, 0.3 g proline, 0.3 g cysteine, 0.3 g arginine, 0.9 g histidineand 1.0 g threonine.

Construction of Yeast Strains Expressing Human A1 Adenosine Receptor

In this example, the construction of yeast strains expressing a human A1adenosine receptor functionally integrated into the yeast pheromonesystem pathway is described.

I. Expression Vector Construction

To construct a yeast expression vector for the human A1 adenosinereceptor, the A1 adenosine receptor cDNA was obtained by reversetranscriptase PCR of human hippocampus mRNA using primers designed basedon the published sequence of the human A1 adenosine receptor andstandard techniques. The PCR product was subcloned into the NcoI andXbaI sites of the yeast expression plasmid pMP15.

The pMP15 plasmid was created from pLPXt as follows: The XbaI site ofYEP51 (Broach, J. R. et al. (1983) “Vectors for high-level, inducibleexpression of cloned genes in yeast” p. 83-117 in M. Inouye (ed.),Experimental Manipulation of Gene Expression. Academic Press, New York)was eliminated by digestion, end-fill and religation to createYep51NcoDXba. Another XbaI site was created at the BamHI site bydigestion with BamHI, end-fill, linker (New England Biolabs, #1081)ligation, XbaI digestion and re-ligation to generate YEP51NcoXt. Thisplasmid was digested with Esp31 and NcoI and ligated to Leu2 and PGKpfragments generated by PCR. The 2 kb Leu2 PCR product was generated byamplification from YEP51Nco using primers containing Esp31 and BglIIsites. The 660 base pair PGKp PCR product was generated by amplificationfrom pPGKαs (Kang, Y.-S. et al. (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:2582-2590)with PCR primers containing BglII and NcoI sites. The resulting plasmidis called pLPXt. pLPXt was modified by inserting the coding region ofthe a-factor pre-pro leader into the NcoI site. The prepro leader wasinserted so that the NcoI cloning site was maintained at the 3′ end ofthe leader, but not regenerated at the 5′ end. In this way receptors canbe cloned by digestion of the plasmid with NcoI and XbaI. The resultingplasmid is called pMP15.

The pMP₁₅ plasmid into which was inserted the human A1 adenosinereceptor cDNA was designated p5095. In this vector, the receptor cDNA isfused to the 3′ end of the yeast a-factor prepro leader. During proteinmaturation the prepro peptide sequences are cleaved to generate maturefull-length receptor. This occurs during processing of the receptorthrough the yeast secretory pathway. This plasmid is maintained by Leuselection (i.e., growth on medium lacking leucine). The sequence of thecloned coding region was determined and found to be equivalent to thatin the published literature (GenBank accession numbers S45235 andS56143).

II. Yeast Strain Construction

To create a yeast strain expressing the human A1 adenosine receptor,yeast strain CY7967 was used as the starting parental strain. Thegenotype of CY7967 is as follows: MATa gpaD1163 gpa1(41)Gαi3 far1D1442tbt-1 FUS1-HIS3 can1 ste14::trp1::LYS2 ste3D1156 lys2 ura3 leu2 trp1his3

The genetic markers are reviewed below:

MATa . . . Mating type a.

gpa1D1163 . . . The endogenous yeast G-protein GPA1 has been deleted.

gpa1(41)Gai3 . . . gpa1(41)-Gai3 was integrated into the yeast genome.This chimeric Ga protein is composed of the first 41 amino acids of theendogenous yeast Ga submit GPA1 fused to the mammalian G-protein Gai3 inwhich the cognate N-terminal amino acids have been deleted.

far1D1442 . . . FAR1 gene (responsible for cell cycle arrest) has beendeleted (thereby preventing cell cycle arrest upon activation of thephermone response pathway).

tbt-1 . . . strain with high transformation efficiency byelectroporation.

FUS1-HIS3 . . . a fusion between the FUS1 promoter and the HIS3 codingregion (thereby creating a pheromone inducible HIS3 gene).

can 1 . . . arginine/canavinine permease.

ste14:::trp1:::LYS2 . . . gene disruption of STE14, a C-farnesylmethyltransferase (thereby lowering basal signaling through thepheromone pathway).

ste3D1156 . . . endogenous yeast STR, the a factor pheromone receptor(STE3) was disrupted.

lys2 . . . defect in 2-aminoapidate reductase, yeast nedd lysine togrow.

ura3 . . . defect in orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase, yeast needuracil to grow.

leu2 . . . defect in b-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, yeast need leucineto grow.

trp1 . . . defect in phosphoribosylanthranilate, yeast need trytophan togrow.

his3 . . . defect in imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydrogenase, yeastneed histidine to grow.

Two plasmids were transformed into strain CY7967 by electroporation:plasmid p5095 (encoding human A1 adenosine receptor; described above)and plasmid p1584, which is a FUS1-β-galactosidase reporter geneplasmid. Plasmid p1584 was derived from plasmid pRS426 (Christianson, T.W. et al. (1992) Gene 110:1 19-1122). Plasmid pRS426 contains apolylinker site at nucleotides 2004-2016. A fusion between the FUS1promoter and the β-galactosidase gene was inserted at the restrictionsites EagI and XhoI to create plasmid p1584. The p1584 plasmid ismaintained by Trp selection (i.e., growth on medium lacking leucine).

The resultant strain carrying p5095 and p1584, referred to as CY12660,expresses the human A1 adenosine receptor. To grow this strain in liquidor on agar plates, minimal media lacking leucine and tryptophan wasused. To perform a growth assay on plates (assaying FUS1-HIS3), theplates were at pH 6.8 and contained 0.5-2.5 mM 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoleand lacked leucine, tryptophan and histidine. As a control forspecificity, a comparison with one or more other yeast-based seventransmembrane receptor screens was included in all experiments.

Construction of Yeast Strains Expressing Human A2a Adenosine Receptor

In this example, the construction of yeast strains expressing a humanA2a adenosine receptor functionally integrated into the yeast pheromonesystem pathway is described.

I. Expression Vector Construction

To construct a yeast expression vector for the human A2a adenosinereceptor, the human A2a receptor cDNA was obtained from Dr. Phil Murphy(NIH). Upon receipt of this clone, the A2a receptor insert was sequencedand found to be identical to the published sequence (GenBank accession#S46950). The receptor cDNA was excised from the plasmid by PCR withVENT polymerase and cloned into the plasmid pLPBX, which drives receptorexpression by a constitutive Phosphoglycerate Kinase (PGK) promoter inyeast. The sequence of the entire insert was once again sequenced andfound to be identical with the published sequence. However, by virtue ofthe cloning strategy employed there were three amino acids appended tothe carboxy-terminus of the receptor, GlySerVal.

II. Yeast Strain Construction

To create a yeast strain expressing the human A2a adenosine receptor,yeast strain CY8342 was used as the starting parental strain. Thegenotype of CY8342 is as follows:

MATa far1D1442 tbt1-1 lys2 ura3 leu2 trp1 his3fus1-HIS3 can1 ste3D1156gpaD1163 ste14::trp1::LYS2 gpa1p-rG_(αs)E10K (or gpa1p-rG_(αs)D229S orgpa1p-rG_(αs)E10K+D229S)

The genetic markers are as described above, except for the G-proteinvariation. For human A2a receptor-expression, yeast strains wereutilized in which the endogenous yeast G protein GPA1 had been deletedand replaced by a mammalian G_(αs). Three rat G_(αs) mutants wereutilized. These variants contain one or two point mutations whichconvert them into proteins which couple efficiently to yeast βγ. Theyare identified as G_(αs)E10K (in which the glutamic acid at position tenis replaced with lysine), G_(αs)D229S (in which the aspartic acid atposition 229 is replaced with serine) and G_(αs)E10K+D229S (whichcontains both point mutations).

Strain CY8342 (carrying one of the three mutant rat G_(αs) proteins) wastransformed with either the parental vector pLPBX (Receptor⁻) or withpLPBX-A2a (Receptor⁺). A plasmid with the FUS1 promoter fused toβ-galactosidase coding sequences (described in above) was added toassess the magnitude of activation of the pheromone response pathway.

Functional Assay using Yeast Strains Expressing Human A1 AdenosineReceptor

In this example, the development of a functional screening assay inyeast for modulators of the human A1 adenosine receptor is described.

I. Ligands Used in Assay

Adenosine, a natural agonist for this receptor, as well as two othersynthetic agonists were utilized for development of this assay.Adenosine, reported to have an EC₅₀ of approximately 75 nM, and(−)-N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine (PIA) with a reported affinity ofapproximately 50 nM were used in a subset of experiments.5′-N-ethylcarboxamido-adenosine (NECA) was used in all growth assays. Toprevent signaling due to the presence of adenosine in the growth media,adenosine deaminase (4 U/ml) was added to all assays.

II. Biological Response in Yeast

The ability of the A1 adenosine receptor to functionally couple in aheterologous yeast system was assessed by introducing the A1 receptorexpression vector (p5095, described above) into a series of yeaststrains that expressed different G protein subunits. The majority ofthese transformants expressed G_(α) subunits of the G_(αi) or G_(αo)subtype. Additional G_(α) proteins were also tested for the possibleidentification of promiscuous receptor-Gα protein coupling. In variousstrains, a STE18 or a chimeric STE18-Gγ2 construct was integrated intothe genome of the yeast. The yeast strains harbored a defective HIS3gene and an integrated copy of FUS1-HIS3, thereby allowing for selectionin selective media containing 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (tested at 0.2, 0.5and 1.0 mM) and lacking histidine. Transformants were isolated andmonolayers were prepared on media containing 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 4U/ml adenosine deaminase and lacking histidine. Five microliters ofvarious concentrations of ligand (e.g., NECA at 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mM)was applied. Growth was monitored for 2 days. Ligand-dependent growthresponses were tested in this manner in the various yeast strains. Theresults are summarized in Table 1 below. The symbol (−) indicates thatligand-dependent receptor activation was not detected while (+) denotesligand-dependent response. The term “LIRMA” indicates ligand independentreceptor mediated activation.

TABLE 3 Strain Yeast strain Gα subunit Gγ subunit Variants Result CY1316GPA1 STE18 − GPA41-G_(αi1) + GPA41-G_(αi2) + GPA41-G_(αi3) +GPA41-G_(ai2)-G_(αOB) LIRMA GPA41-G_(αSE10K) − GPA41-G_(αSD229S) −CY7967 GPA41-G_(αi3) STE18 +++ integrated CY2120 GPA1 STE18 sst2Δ +GPA41-G_(αi1) + GPA41-G_(αi2) + GPA41-G_(αi3) + GPA41-G_(ai2)-G_(αOB)LIRMA GPA41-G_(αSE10K) − GPA41-G_(αSD229S) − CY9438 GPA1 STE18-Gγ2 −GPA41-G_(αi1) + GPA41-G_(αi2) + GPA41-G_(αi3) + GPA41-G_(ai2)-G_(αOB)LIRMA GPA41-G_(αSE10K) − GPA41-G_(αSD229S) − CY10560 GPA1-integratedSTE18-Gγ2 sst2Δ ++

As indicated in Table 3, the most robust signaling was found to occur ina yeast strain expressing the GPA1(41)-G_(αi3) chimera.

III. fus1-LacZ Assay

To characterize activation of the pheromone response pathway more fully,synthesis of β-galactosidase through fus1LacZ in response to agoniststimulation was measured. To perform the β-galactosidase assay,increasing concentrations of ligand were added to mid-log culture ofhuman A1 adenosine receptor expressed in a yeast strain co-expressing aSte18-Gγ2 chimera and GPA₄₁-G_(αi3). Transformants were isolated andgrown overnight in the presence of histidine and 4 U/ml adenosinedeaminase. After five hours of incubation with 4 U/ml adenosinedeaminase and ligand, induction of β-galactosidase was measured usingCPRG as the substrate for β-galactoside. 5×10⁵ cells were used perassay.

The results obtained with NECA stimulation indicated that at a NECAconcentration of 10⁻⁸ M approximately 2-fold stimulation ofβ-galactosidase activity was achieved. Moreover, a stimulation index ofapproximately 10-fold was observed at a NECA concentration of 10⁻⁵ M.

The utility of this assay was extended by validation of the activity ofantagonists on this strain. Two known adenosine antagonist, XAC andDPCPX, were tested for their ability to compete against NECA (at 5 mM)for activity in the β-galactosidase assay. In these assays,β-galactosidase induction was measured using FDG as the substrate and1.6×10⁵ cells per assay. The results indicated that both XAC and DPCPXserved as potent antagonists of yeast-expressed A1 adenosine receptor,with IC₅₀ values of 44 nM and 49 nM, respectively.

In order to determine if this inhibitory effect was specific to the A₁subtype, a series of complementary experiments were performed with theyeast-based A_(2a) receptor assay. Results obtained with the A_(2a)yeast-based assay indicated that XAC was a relatively effective A_(2a)receptor antagonist, consistent with published reports. In contrast,DPCPX was relatively inert at this receptor, as expected from publishedreports.

IV. Radioligand Binding

The A1 adenosine receptor assay was further characterized by measurementof the receptor's radioligand binding parameters. Displacement bindingof [³H]CPX by several adenosine receptor reference compounds, XAC,DPCPX, and CGS, was analyzed using membranes prepared from yeastexpressing the human A1 adenosine receptor. The results with yeastmembranes expressing the human A1 adenosine receptor were compared tothose from yeast membranes expressing the human A2a adenosine receptoror the human A3 receptor to examine the specificity of binding. Toperform the assay, fifty mg of membranes were incubated with 0.4 nM[³H]CPX and increasing concentrations of adenosine receptor ligands.Incubation was in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM MgCl₂, 0.25 %BSA and 2 U/ml adenosine deaminase in the presence of proteaseinhibitors for 60 minutes at room temperature. Binding was terminated byaddition of ice-cold 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4 plus 10 mM MgCl₂, followedby rapid filtration over GF/B filters previously soaked with 0.5%polyethyenimine, using a Packard 96-well harvester. Data were analyzedby nonlinear least square curve fitting procedure using Prism 2.01software. The IC₅₀ values obtained in this experiment are summarized inTable 4, below:

TABLE 4 IC₅₀ [nM] Compound hA1R hA2aR hA3R XAC 6.6 11.7 53.1 DPCPX 8.5326.4 1307.0 CGS-15943 13.1 15.8 55.5 NECA 215.5 294.9 34.9 R-PIA 67.6678.1 23.6 IB-MECA 727.7 859.4 3.1 Alloxozine 1072.0 1934.0 8216.0

These data indicate that the reference compounds have affinitiesconsistent with those reported in the literature. The data furtherindicate that the yeast-based assays are of sufficient sensitivity todiscriminate receptor subtype specificity.

Functional Assay using Yeast Strains Expressing Human A2a AdenosineReceptor

In this example, the development of a functional screening assay inyeast for modulators of the human A1 adenosine receptor is described.

I. Ligands Used in Assay

The natural ligand adenosine, as well as other thoroughly characterizedand commercially available ligands were used for study of the human A2areceptor functionally expressed in yeast. Three ligands have been usedin the establishment of this assay. They include:

Ligand Reported K_(i) Function Adenosine 500 nM agonist5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 10-15 nM agonist (NECA)(−)-N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine 100-125 nM agonist (PIA)

To prevent signaling due to the presence of adenosine in the growthmedia, adenosine deamninase (4 U/ml) was added to all assays.

II. Biological Response in Yeast

A2a receptor agonists were tested for the capacity to stimulate thepheromone response pathway in yeast transformed with the A2a receptorexpression plasmid and expressing either G_(αs)E10K, G_(αs)D229S orG_(αs)E10K+D229S. The ability of ligand to stimulate the pheromoneresponse pathway in a receptor dependent manner was indicated by analteration in the yeast phenotype. Receptor activation modified thephenotype from histidine auxotrophy to histidine prototrophy (activationof fus1-HIS3). Three independent transformants were isolated and grownovernight in the presence of histidine. Cells were washed to removehistidine and diluted to 2×10⁶ cells/ml. 5 μl of each transformant wasspotted onto nonselective media (including histidine) or selective media(1 mM AT) in the absence or presence of 4 U/ml adenosine deaminase.Plates were grown at 30° C. for 24 hours. In the presence of histidineboth Receptor⁺ (R⁺) and Receptor⁻ (R⁻) strains were capable of growth.However, in the absence of histidine only R⁺ cells grew. Since no ligandhad been added to these plates two explanations were possible for thisresult. One possible interpretation was that the receptor bearing yeastwere at a growth advantage due to Ligand Independent Receptor MediatedActivation (LIRMA). Alternatively the yeast could have been synthesizingthe ligand adenosine. To distinguish between these two possibilities, anenzyme which degrades the ligand, adenosine deaminase (ADA), was addedto the growing yeast and plates. In the presence of adenosine deaminaseR⁺ cells no longer grew in the absence of histidine, indicating that theyeast were indeed synthesizing ligand.

This interpretation was confirmed by an A2a growth assay in liquid. Inthis experiment R⁺ yeast (a G_(αs)E10K strain expressing the A2areceptor) were inoculated at three densities (1×10⁶ cell/ml; 3×10⁵cells/ml; or 1×10⁵ cells/ml) in the presence or absence of adenosinedeaminase (4 U/ml). The stringency of the assay was enhanced withincreasing concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 mM) of3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT), a competitive antagonist ofimidazoleglycerol-P dehydratase, the protein product of the HIS3 gene.In the presence of adenosine deaminase and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole yeastgrew less vigorously. However in the absence of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole,adenosine deaminase had little effect. Thus adenosine deaminase itselfhad no direct effect upon the pheromone response pathway.

An alternative approach to measuring growth and one that can beminiaturized for high throughput screening is an A2a receptor ligandspot assay. A G_(αs)E10K strain expressing the A2a receptor (A2a R⁺) orlacking the receptor (R−) was grown overnight in the presence ofhistidine and 4 U/ml adenosine deaminase. Cells were washed to removehistidine and diluted to 5×10⁶ cells/ml. 1×10⁶ cells were spread ontoselective plates containing 4 U/ml adenosine deaminase and 0.5 or 1.0 mM3-amino-1,2,4-trazole (AT) and allowed to dry for 1 hour. 5 μl of thefollowing reagents were applied to the monolayer: 10 mM adenosine, 38.7mM histidine, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 10 mM PIA or 10 mM NECA. Cellswere grown 24 hours at 30° C. The results showed that cells withoutreceptor could only grow when histidine was added to the media. Incontrast, R⁺ cells only grew in areas where the A2a receptor ligands PIAand NECA had been spotted. Since the plates contained adenosinedeaminase, the lack of growth where adenosine had been spotted confirmedthat adenosine deaminase was active.

III. fus1 LacZ Assay

To quantitate activation of the yeast mating pathway, synthesis ofβ-galactosidase through fus1LacZ was measured. Yeast strains expressingG_(αs)E10K, G_(αs)D229S or G_(αs)E10K+D229S were transformed with aplasmid encoding the human A2a receptor (R+) or with a plasmid lackingthe receptor (R−). Transformants were isolated and grown overnight inthe presence of histidine and 4 U/ml adenosine deaminase. 1×10⁷ cellswere diluted to 1×10⁶ cells/ml and exposed to increasing concentrationsof NECA for 4 hours, followed by determination of the β-galactosidaseactivity in the cells. The results demonstrated that essentially noβ-galactosidase activity was detected in R− strains, whereas increasingamounts of β-galactosidase activity were detected in R+ strainsexpressing either G_(αs)E10K, G_(αs)D229S or G_(αs)E10K+D229S as theconcentration of NECA increased, indicating a dose dependent increase inunits of β-galactosidase detected in response to exposure to increasedligand concentration. This dose dependency was only observed in cellsexpressing the A2a receptor. Furthermore the most potent G_(αs)construct for the A2a receptor was G_(αs)E10K. The G_(αs)D229S constructwas the second-most potent G_(αs) construct for the A2a receptor, whilethe G_(αs)E10K+D229S construct was the least potent of the three G_(αs)constructs tested, although even the G_(αs)E10K+D229S constructstimulated readily detectable amounts of β-galactosidase activity.

For a further description of the assays identified, see U.S. ApplicationPublication No. US-2002-0015967-A1, published Feb. 7, 2002, entitled“Functional Expression of Adenosine Receptors in Yeast”, now abandoned,the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein byreference.

Pharmacological Characterization of the Human Adenosine ReceptorSubtypes

Material and Methods

Materials. [³H]-DPCPX [Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxantine,8-[dipropyl-2,3-³H(N)] (120.0 Ci/mmol); [³H]-CGS 21680, [carboxyethyl-³H(N)] (30 Ci/mmol) and [¹²⁵I]-AB-MECA([¹²⁵I]-4-Aminobenzyl-5′-N-Methylcarboxamideoadenosine) (2,200 Ci/mmol)were purchased from New England Nuclear (Boston, Mass.). XAC (Xantineamine congener); NECA (5′-N-Ethyicarboxamidoadenosine); and IB-MECA fromResearch Biochemicals International (RBI, Natick, Mass.). The AdenosineDeaminase and Complete protease inhibitor cocktail tablets werepurchased from Boehringer Mannheim Corp. (Indianapolis, Ind.). Membranesfrom HEK-293 cells stably expressing the human Adenosine 2a [RB-HA2a];Adenosine 2b [RB-HA2b] or Adenosine 3 [RB-HA3] receptor subtypes,respectively were purchased from Receptor Biology (Beltsville, Md.).Cell culture reagents were from Life Technologies (Grand Island, N.Y.)except for serum that was from Hyclone (Logan, Utah).

Yeast strains. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains CY12660 [far1*1442tbt1-1 fus1-HIS3 can1 ste14::trp1::LYS2 ste3*1156 gpa1(41)-Gαi3 lys2ura3 leu2 trp1:his3; LEU2 PGKp-Mfα1Leader-hA1R-PHO₅term 2mu-orig REP3Ampr] and CY8362 [gpa1p-rGαsE10K far1*1442 tbt1-1 fus1-HIS3 can1ste14::trp1:LYS2 ste3*1156 lys2 ura3 leu2 trp1 his3; LEU2 PGKp-hA2aR2mu-ori REP3 Ampr] were developed as described above.

Yeast culture. Transformed yeast were grown in Leu-Trp [LT] media (pH5.4) supplemented with 2% glucose. For the preparation of membranes 250ml of LT medium were inoculated with start titer of 1-2×10⁶ cells/mlfrom a 30 ml overnight culture and incubated at 30° C. under permanentoxygenation by rotation. After 16 h growth the cells were harvested bycentrifugation and membranes were prepared as described below.

Mammalian Tissue Culture. The HEK-293 cells stably expressed humanAdenosine 2a receptor subtype (Cadus clone #5) were grown in Dulbeco'sminimal essential media (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serumand 1X penicillin/streptomycin under selective pressure using 500 mg/mlG418 antibiotic, at 37° C. in a humidified 5% CO₂ atmosphere.

Yeast Cell Membrane Preparations. 250 ml cultures were harvested afterovernight incubation by centrifugation at 2,000×g in a Sorvall RT6000centrifuge. Cells were washed in ice-cold water, centrifuged at 4° C.and the pellet was resuspended in 10 ml ice-cold lysis buffer [5 mMTris-HCl, pH 7.5; 5 mM EDTA; and 5 mM EGTA] supplemented with Proteaseinhibitor cocktail tablets (1 tablet per 25 ml buffer). Glass beads (17g; Mesh 400-600; Sigma) were added to the suspension and the cells werebroken by vigorous vortexing at 4° C. for 5 min. The homogenate wasdiluted with additional 30 ml lysis buffer plus protease inhibitors andcentrifuged at 3,000×g for 5 min. Subsequently the membranes werepeleted at 36,000×g (Sorvall RC5B, type SS34 rotor) for 45 min. Theresulting membrane pellet was resuspended in 5 ml membrane buffer [50 mMTris-HCl, pH 7.5; 0.6 mM EDTA; and 5 mM MgCl₂] supplemented withProtease inhibitor cocktail tablets (1 tablet per 50 ml buffer) andstored at −80° C. for further experiments.

Mammalian Cell Membrane Preparations. HEK-293 cell membranes wereprepared as described previously (Duzic E et al.: J Biol. Chem., 267,9844-9851, 1992) Briefly, cells were washed with PBS and harvested witha rubber policeman. Cells were pelted at 4° C. 200×g in a Sorvall RT6000centrifuge. The pellet was resuspended in 5 ml/dish of lysis buffer at4° C. (5 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5; 5 mM EDTA; 5 mM EGTA; 0.1 mMPhenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 10 mg/ml pepstatin A; and 10 mg/mlaprotinin) and homogenized in a Dounce homogenizer. The cell lysate wasthen centrifuged at 36,000×g (Sorvall RC5B, type SS34 rotor) for 45 minand the pellet resuspended in 5 ml membrane buffer [50 mM Tris-HCl, pH7.5; 0.6 mM EDTA; 5 mM MgCl₂; 0.1 mM Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 10mg/ml pepstatin A; and 10 mg/ml aprotinin) and stored at −80° C. forfurther experiments.

The Bio-Rad protein assay kits, based on the Bradford dye-bindingprocedure, (Bradford, M.: Anal. Biochem. 72:248 (1976)) were used todetermine total protein concentration in yeast and mammalian membranes.

Adenosine 1 Receptor Subtype Saturation and Competition RadioligandBinding

Saturation and competition binding on membranes from yeast celltransformed with human A1 receptor subtype were carried out usingantagonist [³H] DPCPX as a radioactive ligand. Membranes was diluted inbinding buffer [50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4; containing 10 mM MgCl₂; 1.0 mMEDTA; 0.25% BSA; 2 U/ml adenosine deaminase and 1 protease inhibitorcocktail tablet/50 ml] at concentrations of 1.0 mg/ml. In saturationbinding membranes (50 μg/well) were incubate with increasingconcentrations of [³H] DPCPX (0.05-25 nM) in a final volume of 100 μl ofbinding buffer at 25° C. for 1 hr in the absence and presence of 10 μMunlabeled XAC in a 96-well microtiter plate.

In competition binding membranes (50 μg/well) were incubate with [³H]DPCPX (1.0 nM) in a final volume of 100 ml of binding buffer at 25° C.for 1 hr in the absence and presence of 10 μM unlabeled XAC orincreasing concentrations of competing compounds in a 96-well microtiterplate.

Adenosine 2a Receptor Subtype Competition Radioligand Binding

Competition binding on membranes from HEK293 cell, stably expressing thehuman A2a receptor subtype were carried out using agonist [³H] CGS-21680as a radioactive ligand. Membranes was diluted in binding buffer [50 mMTris-HCl, pH 7.4; containing 10 mM MgCl₂; 1.0 mM EDTA; 0.25% BSA; 2 U/mladenosine deaminase and 1 protease inhibitor cocktail tablet/50 ml] atconcentrations of 0.2 mg/ml. Membranes (10 μg/well) were incubate with[³H] CGS-21680 (100 nM) in a final volume of 100 ml of binding buffer at25° C. for 1 hr in the absence and presence of 50 μM unlabeled NECA orincreasing concentrations of competing compounds in a 96-well microtiterplate.

Adenosine 3 receptor competition radioligand binding

Competition binding on membranes from HEK293 cell stably expressing thehuman A3 receptor subtype were carried out using agonist [¹²⁵I] AB-MECAas a radioactive ligand. Membranes was diluted in binding buffer [50 mMTris-HCl, pH 7.4; containing 10 mM MgCl₂; 1.0 mM EDTA; 0.25% BSA; 2 U/miadenosine deaminase and 1 protease inhibitor cocktail tablet/50 ml] atconcentrations of 0.2 mg/ml. Membranes (10 μg/well) were incubate with[¹²⁵I] AB-MECA (0.75 nM) in a final volume of 100 μl of binding bufferat 25° C. for 1 hr in the absence and presence of 10 μM unlabeledIB-MECA or increasing concentrations of competing compounds in a 96-wellmicrotiter plate.

At the end of the incubation, the A1, A2a and A3 receptor subtypesradioligand binding assays was terminated by the addition of ice-cold 50mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) buffer supplemented with 10 mM MgCl₂, followed byrapid filtration over glass fiber filters (96-well GF/B UniFilters,Packard) previously presoaked in 0.5% polyethylenimine in a Filtermnate196 cell harvester (Packard). The filter plates were dried coated with50 μl/well scintillation fluid (MicroScint-20, Packard) and counted in aTopCount (Packard). Assays were performed in triplicate. Non-specificbinding was 5.6±0.5%, 10.8±1.4% and 15.1±2.6% of the total binding in aA1R, A2a R and A3R binding assay, respectively.

Adenosine 2b Receptor Subtype Competition Radioligand Binding

Competition binding on membranes from HEK293 cell stably expressing thehuman A2b receptor subtype were carried out using A1 receptor antagonist[³H] DPCPX as a radioactive ligand. Membranes was diluted in bindingbuffer [10 mM Hepes-KOH, pH 7.4; containing 1.0 mM EDTA; 0.1 mMBenzamidine and 2 U/ml adenosine deaminase] at concentrations of 0.3mg/ml. Membranes (15 μg/well) were incubate with [³H] DPCPX (15 nM) in afinal volume of 100 μl of binding buffer at 25° C. for 1 hr in theabsence and presence of 10 μM unlabeled XAC or increasing concentrationsof competing compounds in a 96-well microtiter plate. At the end of theincubation, the assay was terminated by the addition of ice-cold 10 mMHepes-KOH (pH 7.4) buffer followed by rapid filtration over glass fiberfilters (96-well GF/C UniFilters, Packard) previously presoaked in 0.5%polyethylenimine in a Filtermate 196 cell harvester (Packard). Thefilter plates were dried coated with 50 μl/well scintillation fluid(MicroScint-20, Packard) and counted in a TopCount (Packard). Assayswere performed in triplicate. Non-specific binding was 14.3±2.3% of thetotal binding.

Specific binding of [³H] DPCPX; [³H] CGS-21680 and [¹²⁵I] AB-MECA wasdefined as the difference between the total binding and non-specificbinding. Percent inhibition of the compounds was calculated againsttotal binding. Competition data were analyzed by iterative curve fittingto a one site model, and K_(I) values were calculated from IC₅₀ values(Cheng and Prusof, Biochem. Pharmacol. 22, 3099-3109, 1973) using theGraphPad Prizm 2.01 software.

Results

A primary function of certain cell surface receptors is to recognizeappropriate ligands. Accordingly, we determined ligand bindingaffinities to establish the functional integrity of the Adenosine 1receptor subtype expressed in yeast. Crude membranes prepared fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with human Adenosine 1 receptorsubtype construct exhibited specific saturable binding of [³H] DPCPXwith a K_(D) of 4.0±0.19 nM. The K_(D) and B_(max) value were calculatedfrom the saturation isotherm and Scatchard transformation of the dataindicated a single class of binding sites. The densities of adenosinebinding sites in the yeast membrane preparations were estimated to716.8±43.4 fmol/mg membrane protein.

The pharmacological subtype characteristics of the recombinant yeastcells transformed with human A1 receptor subtype were investigated withsubtype selective adenosine ligands (XAC, DPCPX; CGS-15943; CDS-046142;CDS-046123; NECA, (R)-PIA; IB-MECA and Alloxazine). That competed with[³ H] DPCPX in the expected rank order. Displacement curves recordedwith these compounds show the typical steepness with all the ligands,and the data for each of the ligands could be modeled by a one-site fit.The apparent dissociation constants estimated for the individualcompound from the curves (Table 5) are consistent with value publishedfor the receptor obtained from other sources.

TABLE 5 Ki values for membranes from yeast cells transformed with humanA1 receptor subtype Ligands K_(I)(nM) XAC 5.5 DPCPX 7.1 CGS-1594 10.8NECA 179.6 (R)-PIA 56.3 IB-MECA 606.5 Alloxazine 894.1 CDS-046142 13.9CDS-046123 9.8

Tables 6 through 12 demonstrate the efficacy and structure activityprofiles of deazapurines of the invention. Tables 13 and 14 demonstrateselectivity can be achieved for human adenosine receptor sites bymodulation of the functionality about the deazapurine structure. Table14 also demonstrates the surprising discovery that the compounds setforth therein have subnanomolar activity and higher selectivity for theA_(2b) receptor as compared to the compounds in Table 13.

TABLE 6 Activity of CDS-046142 Series: Effect of N₆-Substituent

A1 Binding Yeast Code R Ki (nM) IC50 (nM) CDS-046142

13.9 97.2 CDS-062365

1423 >10,000 CDS-069533

483.5 >10,000 CDS-069534

196.6 4442.0 CDS-056176

>10,000 >10000 CDS-056175

>10000 >10000 CDS-062352

297.9 >10000 CDS-062351

309.7 >10000 CDS-090909

29.1 CDS-090910

193.9 CDS-090913

411.5 CDS-062352

785.6 >10000 CDS-092474

64.8 CDS-092475

6726.0 CDS-091175

32.1 CDS-062351

816.9 2577.0 CDS-090914

34.3

TABLE 7 Activity of CDS-046142 Series: Effect of C₂-Substituent

A1 Binding Yeast Code R Ki (nM) IC50 (nM) CDS-069532

604.5 >10000 CDS-090895

157.7 763.1 CDS-065564

198.5 2782.5 CDS-090896

443.6 >10000 CDS-090903

61.1 297.0 CDS-090890

30.1 194.7 CDS-090915

19.9 CDS-090912

62.8 CDS-090936

2145 CDS-090177

48.7

TABLE 8 Activity of CDS-046142 Series: Effect of Pyrrole RingSubstituent

A1 Yeast Binding IC50 Code R R′ R″ R′′′ Ki (nM) (nM) CDS-078187

Me Me Me 3311 >10000 CDS-090905

H Me H 22.3 148.3 CDS-090921

H H Me 8.9 CDS-090902

Me Me 2210 >10000 CDS-056090

Me Me 863.1 CDS-056091

Me Me 4512 CDS-056089

Me Me 8451 CDS-056092

Me Me 35.3

TABLE 9

A1 Yeast Binding IC50 Code R Ki (nM) (nM) CDS-056090

863.1 CDS-056091

4512 CDS-056089

8451 CDS-056092

35.3

TABLE 10 Activity of CDS-046123 Series: Effect of N₆-Substituent

A1 Binding Yeast Code R Ki (nM) IC50 (nM) CDS-062354

1789 >10000 CDS-067146

54.4 1865 CDS-046123

9.8 82.8 CDS-062357

26.7 195.7 CDS-062355

32.8 545.8 CDS-062356

147.5 3972 CDS-067325

151.7 2918 CDS-062392

692.5 >10000 CDS-062393

93.1 3217 CDS-062394

475.3 >10000 CDS-067227

674.9 9376.0 CDS-065568

121.9 2067.5 CDS-066956

233.9 3462 CDS-067038

270.1 3009.5 CDS-062358

384.9 2005 CDS-062359

179.3 3712 CDS-062360

176.1 5054

A1 Binding Yeast Code R Ki (nM) IC50 (nM) CDS-046123

9.8 115.4 CDS-069535

53.9 551.0 CDS-090894

10.3 101.3 CDS-062301

71.1 3217 CDS-090904

6.5 58.7 CDS-090906

105.4 472.1 CDS-090908

27.8 162.4 CDS-090907

126.5 1297.0 CDS-092473

2.3 CDS-095450

9.0 CDS-095451

17.3 CDS-091183

2.5 CDS-091184

213

TABLE 12 “Retro-Amide” Analogues of CDS-046123

A1 Binding Yeast Code R Ki (nM) IC50 (nM) CDS-065567

16.5 189.4 CDS-090891

7.4 45.7 CDS-062373

95.8 3345.0 CDS-090893

529.1 4040.0 CDS-062371

1060.0 >10000 CDS-062372

1272 >10000 CDS-065566

50.8 4028 CDS-065565

48.5 701.5

TABLE 13 Profile of Selective Adenosine Antagonists

Binding Ki (nm) R A1 A2a A2b A3 CDS-046123

9.8-25.1 18.0-48.6 80.3 513.0 CDS-090908

27.8 50.7 84.6 429.8 CDS-090894

20.2 75.6 20.1 4.3 CDS-090891

17.4 111.3 120.6 44.6 CDS-046142

13.9-30.9 933.7 138.0 21.5  CDS-090890¹

46.6 730.9 30% 9.9  CDS-090905²

16.4 766.3 168.3 71.7 CDS-090909

29.1 190.6 1143.0 3.1 CDS-90910

180 230 670 1.0 CDS-116676

40 109 109 0.3 CDS-121180

255 76% 275 ≦2.6 CDS-121178

531 981 736 5.3 CDS-121179

443 2965 375 ≦6.2  CDS-123264³

30% 65% 515 24 CDS-062391

87 204 30 0.02 CDS-121181

75,000 720,000 3,400 507 CDS-121268

333 710,000 710,000 97 CDS-121272

710,000 710,000 720,000 369  CDS-096370⁴

3.7 ± 0.5 630 ± 56.4 2307 ± 926 630 ± 76  CDS-113760^(4,5)

1.8 206 802 270  CDS-116665^(4,6)

8.0 531 530 419  CDS-131921^(4,7)

8.0 131 1031 54%⁸ ¹2-thienyl-2-yl; ²C₅—H; ³water soluble; ⁴R₅ and R₆ arehydrogen; ⁵R₃ is 3-fluorophenyl; ⁶R₃ is 3-chlorophenyl; ⁷R₃ is4-pyridyl; ⁸% activity @ 10 μM

TABLE 14 Profile os Selective A_(2b) Antagonists Binding Data K_(i) (nM)Code XR₁ R₂ A₁ A_(2a) A_(2B) A₃ CDS-129851 -O—Ph Me 41.7 21 0.3 14.6CDS-143995 -O—Ph(p)F Me 33 58 0.01 18 CDS-143994 -O—Ph(p)Cl Me 825 5910.3 60 CDS-143988 -N-pyridin-2-one Me 60 41 47 48 CDS-143996 -NH—Ph Me49 31 109 57

Incorporation by Reference

All patents, published patent applications and other referencesdisclosed herein are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Equivalents

Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain, usingno more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to specificembodiments of the invention described specifically herein. Suchequivalents are intended to be encompassed in the scope of the followingclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine having theformula I:

wherein, R₁ and R₂ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substitutedstraight chain (C₁-C₃₀)alkyl, substituted branched chain (C₃-C₃₀)alkyl,substituted (C₄-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, substituted cyclopropyl, or asubstituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety; wherein only one of R₁ or R₂may be hydrogen; wherein when the substituted straight chain(C₁-C₃₀)alkyl is —CH₂-phenyl or —CH₂—CH₂-phenyl, the phenyl issubstituted; or R₁ and R₂ together form a substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclic ring; R₃ is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety; R₄is a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted alkyl, or a substituted orunsubstituted aryl moiety; and R₅ and R₆ are each independently ahalogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl,aryl, or alkylaryl moiety, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof.
 2. A deazapurine of claim 1, wherein: R₁ is hydrogen; R₂ issubstituted straight chain (C₁-C₃₀)alkyl, substituted branched chain(C₃-C₃₀)alkyl, or substituted (C₄-C₁₀)cycloalkyl; or R₁ and R₂ togetherform a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring; R₃ isunsubstituted or substituted aryl; R₄ is hydrogen; and R₅ and R₆ areeach independently hydrogen or alkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof.
 3. The deazapurine of claim 2, wherein R₂ is substituted(C₄-C10)cycloalkyl.
 4. The deazapurine of claim 3, wherein R₁ and R₄ arehydrogen, R₃ is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, and R₅ and R₆ areeach alkyl.
 5. The deazapurine of claim 4, wherein R₂ is substitutedwith at least one hydroxy group.
 6. The deazapurine of claim 5, whereinR₂ is mono-hydroxycyclopentyl.
 7. The deazapurine of claim 5, wherein R₂is mono-hydroxycyclohexyl.
 8. The deazapurine of claim 4, wherein R₂ issubstituted with —NH—C(═O)E, wherein E is substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₄ alkyl.
 9. The deazapurine of claim 8, wherein E is alkylamine. 10.The deazapurine of claim 9, wherein E is ethylamine.
 11. The deazapurineof claim 2, wherein R₂ is —A—NHC(═O)B, wherein A is unsubstituted C₁-C₄alkyl, and B is substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₄ alkyl.
 12. Thedeazapurine of claim 1, wherein any substituent, if present, is halogen,hydroxyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy,aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl,aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl, phosphate, phosphonato,phosphinato, cyano, amino, alkyl amino, dialkylamino, arylamino,diarylamino, alkylarylamino, acylamino, alkylcarbonylamino,arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl, ureido, amidino, imino, sulfhydryl,alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates, sulfonato, sulfamoyl,sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl,alkylaryl, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety; which substituentmay be further substituted by any of the above.
 13. The deazapurine ofclaim 12, wherein any substituent, if present, is halogen, hydroxyl,alkylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl,alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl, amino,alkylamino, dialkylamino, acylamino, alkylcarbonylamino,arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl, ureido, amidino, imino, nitro,heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety; whichsubstituent may be further substituted by any of the above.
 14. Thedeazapurine of claim 13, wherein the substituent is halogen, hydroxyl,alkylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl,alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl, amino,alkylamino, dialkylamino, acylamino, alkylcarbonylamino,arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl, ureido, amidino, imino, nitro,heterocyclyl or a heteroaromatic moiety; which substituent may befurther substituted by any of the above.
 15. The deazapurine of claim12, wherein R₁ or R₂ is a substituted straight chain (C₁-C₃₀)alkyl or asubstituted branched chain (C₃-C₃₀)alkyl comprising two substituents.16. A method for treating a disease or condition associated withincreased levels of adenosine in a subject, which comprisesadministering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of anN-6 substituted 7-deazapurine so as to thereby treat the disease orcondition associated with increased levels of adenosine in the subject,wherein said N-6 substituted 7-deazapurine has the formula I:

wherein, R₁ and R₂ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substitutedstraight chain (C₁-C₃₀)alkyl, substituted branched chain (C₃-C₃₀)alkyl,substituted (C₄-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, substituted cyclopropyl, or asubstituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety; wherein only one of R₁ or R₂may be hydrogen; wherein when the substituted straight chain(C₁-C₃₀)alkyl is —CH₂-phenyl or —CH₂—C₂-phenyl, the phenyl issubstituted; or R₁ and R₂ together form a substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclic ring; R₃ is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety; R₄is a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted alkyl, or a substituted orunsubstituted aryl moiety; and R₅ and R₆ are each independently ahalogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl,aryl, or alkylaryl moiety, wherein the disease or condition associatedwith increased levels of adenosine in the subject is mast celldegranulation, neutrophil chemotaxis, Parkinson's disease, sedation,asthma, cerebral ischemia, antidiuresis, allergic rhinitis, bronchitis,bronchoconstriction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or glaucoma.